Objectives <p>Coronary artery disease, caused by atherosclerosis, necessitates assessing plaque formation risk using indices like the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Castelli’s risk indexes (CRI-I and CRI-II), the atherogenic coefficient (AC), and the triglyceride-total cholesterol-body weight index (TCBI). Although TCBI primarily assesses mortality risk, its relationship with stenosis severity is unclear. Utilizing data from a prior study, a case-control analysis was conducted on 1,187 subjects, which included 781 patients who underwent coronary angiography and 406 healthy controls. The indices were compared across varying degrees of arterial blockages.</p> Results <p>AIP significantly correlated with stenosis severity in women, increasing the risk of three-vessel stenosis by 2.5 times. AC raised the risk of single-vessel stenosis in men by 2.7 times. CRI-I and CRI-II showed a positive relationship with arterial stenosis in women, with CRI-I increasing the risk of two and three-vessel blockages by 21.9% and 22.4%, respectively. A one-unit increase in CRI-II raised the risk by 33.1% for two arteries and 25.3% for three. In conclusion, AIP, CRI-I, and CRI-II in women, along with AC in men, correlated with arterial stenosis severity, while TCBI did not. Further research is needed to determine which index is most effective in predicting CAD risk.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>