Objective This study investigated the effects of different conditioning activities (CAs) on postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE), as assessed by 20 m sprint and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance, determined the optimal timing of peak performance, and analyzed the underlying mechanisms in male sprinters. Background Thirteen male sprinters completed a controlled crossover design involving three CAs, namely, traditional dynamic resistance (TDR), plyometric (PLY), and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Pre- and post-intervention assessments of 20 m sprint and CMJ were conducted alongside kinematic, kinetic, and sEMG analyses to elucidate mechanisms underlying performance changes. Results All three CAs (TDR, PLY, and MVIC) resulted in significant improvements in 20 m sprint performance. The TDR group achieved optimal results at 4 and 8 min; the PLY group at 8 min; and the MVIC group at 12, 16, and 20 min. CMJ performance was significantly enhanced by TDR at 8 min (P < 0.05). In the TDR group, compared with baseline, hip joint minimum angle (θmin) (P < 0.01) and minimum angular velocity (ωmin) (P < 0.05) were reduced, whereas angular displacement (Δθ) (P < 0.01), knee θmin (P < 0.01), ωmin (P < 0.01), and Δθ (P < 0.01) were increased. Additionally, vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) (P < 0.01), peak power output (PPO) (P < 0.05), and peak rate of force development (pRFD) (P < 0.05) were significantly increased. Muscle coactivation was observed at the hip and knee joints (P < 0.01). At 8 min post-TDR, compared with the control group, hip and knee θmin, ωmin, and Δθ changed significantly (P < 0.05). Correspondingly, vGRF, PPO, and pRFD showed significant increases (P < 0.05). Coactivation of the hip and knee musculature (P < 0.05) was also observed. Conclusion TDR, PLY, and MVIC CAs each significantly enhance 20 m sprint performance in male sprinters. However, the timing of peak PAPE varies by CA: 4–8 min for TDR, 8 min for PLY, and 12–20 min for MVIC. Notably, TDR induces significant improvements in CMJ performance at 8 min, which are likely attributable to increased joint loading capacity and enhanced muscle coactivation in the lower limbs.

The impact of postactivation performance enhancement on 20 m sprint and CMJ performance in male sprinters

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2026年8月4日

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Jianlong He,
Xianzhe Liu,
Shiming Li,
Qirong Wang

摘要

Objective

This study investigated the effects of different conditioning activities (CAs) on postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE), as assessed by 20 m sprint and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance, determined the optimal timing of peak performance, and analyzed the underlying mechanisms in male sprinters.

Background

Thirteen male sprinters completed a controlled crossover design involving three CAs, namely, traditional dynamic resistance (TDR), plyometric (PLY), and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Pre- and post-intervention assessments of 20 m sprint and CMJ were conducted alongside kinematic, kinetic, and sEMG analyses to elucidate mechanisms underlying performance changes.

Results

All three CAs (TDR, PLY, and MVIC) resulted in significant improvements in 20 m sprint performance. The TDR group achieved optimal results at 4 and 8 min; the PLY group at 8 min; and the MVIC group at 12, 16, and 20 min. CMJ performance was significantly enhanced by TDR at 8 min (P < 0.05). In the TDR group, compared with baseline, hip joint minimum angle (θ_min) (P < 0.01) and minimum angular velocity (ω_min) (P < 0.05) were reduced, whereas angular displacement (Δθ) (P < 0.01), knee θ_min (P < 0.01), ω_min (P < 0.01), and Δθ (P < 0.01) were increased. Additionally, vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) (P < 0.01), peak power output (PPO) (P < 0.05), and peak rate of force development (pRFD) (P < 0.05) were significantly increased. Muscle coactivation was observed at the hip and knee joints (P < 0.01). At 8 min post-TDR, compared with the control group, hip and knee θ_min, ω_min, and Δθ changed significantly (P < 0.05). Correspondingly, vGRF, PPO, and pRFD showed significant increases (P < 0.05). Coactivation of the hip and knee musculature (P < 0.05) was also observed.

Conclusion

TDR, PLY, and MVIC CAs each significantly enhance 20 m sprint performance in male sprinters. However, the timing of peak PAPE varies by CA: 4–8 min for TDR, 8 min for PLY, and 12–20 min for MVIC. Notably, TDR induces significant improvements in CMJ performance at 8 min, which are likely attributable to increased joint loading capacity and enhanced muscle coactivation in the lower limbs.