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Background <p>Anthropometric characterization and somatotype profiling in professional soccer players are essential for understanding the morphofunctional demands associated with playing positions.</p> Objective <p>To determine and compare anthropometric profile and somatotype characteristics across playing positions in professional female soccer players, and to analyze their relationship with nutritional adequacy.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 43 players from two First Division teams in Trujillo (Peru). Anthropometric measurements followed ISAK standards, and body composition was estimated using Kerr’s five-component fractionation method. Somatotype was assessed using the Heath–Carter method. Nutritional adequacy was calculated according to playing position and international recommendations. Statistical analysis included the Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square tests, and Kendall’s Tau correlations. Due to sample size, goalkeeper data (<i>n</i> = 4) were treated purely as a descriptive case series for correlational analyses.</p> Results <p>Goalkeepers presented significantly higher adipose mass (18.6 ± 2.5&#xa0;kg) and muscle mass (33.1 ± 2.2&#xa0;kg) than outfield players (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05; ε² ≥0.21). Nutritional adequacy differed significantly by position, with goalkeepers displaying a descriptive 100% prevalence of protein insufficiency. For outfield players, no significant associations were found between nutritional adequacy and body composition when stratified by position (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). However, in the total sample, protein adequacy was inversely correlated with adipose mass (Tb = − 0.60, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and lipid adequacy was negatively associated with muscle mass (Tb = − 0.52, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusions <p>Although no position-specific associations were identified among outfielders, significant relationships emerged in the overall sample, suggesting that nutritional adequacy is significantly associated with body composition, appearing to be a relevant factor independently of tactical role.</p>

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Relationship between nutritional adequacy and anthropometric profile characteristics according to playing position in professional female soccer players: a cross-sectional study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Luis Angel Kong-Lozano,
  • Nicolé Leveau-Barrera,
  • Rodrigo Aquino,
  • Nelson Enrique Conde Parada,
  • Bryan Steve Martínez Galán

摘要

Background

Anthropometric characterization and somatotype profiling in professional soccer players are essential for understanding the morphofunctional demands associated with playing positions.

Objective

To determine and compare anthropometric profile and somatotype characteristics across playing positions in professional female soccer players, and to analyze their relationship with nutritional adequacy.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 43 players from two First Division teams in Trujillo (Peru). Anthropometric measurements followed ISAK standards, and body composition was estimated using Kerr’s five-component fractionation method. Somatotype was assessed using the Heath–Carter method. Nutritional adequacy was calculated according to playing position and international recommendations. Statistical analysis included the Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square tests, and Kendall’s Tau correlations. Due to sample size, goalkeeper data (n = 4) were treated purely as a descriptive case series for correlational analyses.

Results

Goalkeepers presented significantly higher adipose mass (18.6 ± 2.5 kg) and muscle mass (33.1 ± 2.2 kg) than outfield players (p < 0.05; ε² ≥0.21). Nutritional adequacy differed significantly by position, with goalkeepers displaying a descriptive 100% prevalence of protein insufficiency. For outfield players, no significant associations were found between nutritional adequacy and body composition when stratified by position (p > 0.05). However, in the total sample, protein adequacy was inversely correlated with adipose mass (Tb = − 0.60, p < 0.001), and lipid adequacy was negatively associated with muscle mass (Tb = − 0.52, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Although no position-specific associations were identified among outfielders, significant relationships emerged in the overall sample, suggesting that nutritional adequacy is significantly associated with body composition, appearing to be a relevant factor independently of tactical role.