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Objective <p>This study aimed to investigate the influence of treadmill running at varying intensities on the remodeling of the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA), and to explore the association between exercise-induced IFP alterations and joint pain and structural integrity.</p> Methods <p>Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, OA, and three OA groups subjected to treadmill running intensities at low (OAL), medium (OAM), and high (OAH). OA was induced via intra-articular injection of monoiodoacetate. Following induction, rats in the running groups completed a 4-week treadmill running program. Comprehensive evaluations included histomorphological and immunohistochemical analyses, micro-computed tomography, and weight-bearing asymmetry tests to assess pain. Lastly, correlation analyses were performed to assess the relationship between IFP remodeling and joint pain or structural integrity.</p> Results <p>The OAM group exhibited significant improvements in IFP remodeling, characterized by reduced fibrosis and inflammation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), accompanied by decreased M1 macrophage polarization. Cartilage integrity was better preserved (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and subchondral cortical bone mineral density was significantly higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) in this group. Likewise, pain severity was significantly alleviated in the OAM group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In contrast, the OAL and OAH groups displayed no significant improvements. Finally, correlation analysis demonstrated significant associations between IFP fibrosis/inflammation and cartilage damage (<i>r</i> = 0.60), pain (<i>r</i> = 0.58), and trabecular separation (<i>r</i> = 0.38).</p> Conclusion <p>Treadmill running exerts intensity-dependent effects on IFP remodeling in OA rats, with moderate intensity providing optimal benefits. The significant correlations observed between IFP remodeling and joint integrity and pain indicate a potential link between IFP and exercise-induced joint protection. </p>

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​Treadmill running modulates infrapatellar fat pad remodeling in osteoarthritic rats in an intensity-dependent manner

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月5日

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  • Zhi Chen,
  • Gege Li,
  • Haimei Deng,
  • Zihang Hu,
  • Qingwei Wang,
  • Zijun He

摘要

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the influence of treadmill running at varying intensities on the remodeling of the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA), and to explore the association between exercise-induced IFP alterations and joint pain and structural integrity.

Methods

Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, OA, and three OA groups subjected to treadmill running intensities at low (OAL), medium (OAM), and high (OAH). OA was induced via intra-articular injection of monoiodoacetate. Following induction, rats in the running groups completed a 4-week treadmill running program. Comprehensive evaluations included histomorphological and immunohistochemical analyses, micro-computed tomography, and weight-bearing asymmetry tests to assess pain. Lastly, correlation analyses were performed to assess the relationship between IFP remodeling and joint pain or structural integrity.

Results

The OAM group exhibited significant improvements in IFP remodeling, characterized by reduced fibrosis and inflammation (p < 0.05), accompanied by decreased M1 macrophage polarization. Cartilage integrity was better preserved (p < 0.05), and subchondral cortical bone mineral density was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in this group. Likewise, pain severity was significantly alleviated in the OAM group (p < 0.05). In contrast, the OAL and OAH groups displayed no significant improvements. Finally, correlation analysis demonstrated significant associations between IFP fibrosis/inflammation and cartilage damage (r = 0.60), pain (r = 0.58), and trabecular separation (r = 0.38).

Conclusion

Treadmill running exerts intensity-dependent effects on IFP remodeling in OA rats, with moderate intensity providing optimal benefits. The significant correlations observed between IFP remodeling and joint integrity and pain indicate a potential link between IFP and exercise-induced joint protection.