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Background <p>Functional electrical stimulation (FES) can effectively stimulate muscle contraction and has shown great potential in improving human motor function. Female athletes post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (post-ACLR) have pervasive bilateral asymmetries. Moreover, asymmetric gait is often considered one of the risk factors for falls.</p> Methods <p>Twenty female athletes post-ACLR were divided into the FES group and the control (CON) group to cross different obstacle heights [(30%, 20%, and 10% of the leg length (LL)]. The two-way repeated analysis of variance was employed to examine the effects between groups and heights, as well as Bonferroni post-hoc comparison and an independent samples t-test.</p> Results <p>The FES group exhibited significantly decreased maximum hip joint angles (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001–0.001), knee joint angles (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001–0.008), swing time (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001–0.048), gait asymmetry (GA; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001–0.048), stance time GA (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001–0.029), and swing/stance time GA (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) compared to the CON group when crossing obstacles at 30% and 20% LL, Furthermore, the step length was shorter in the FES group when crossing 30% LL obstacles (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusions <p>This study indicated that FES intervention effectively reduces bilateral asymmetry in spatiotemporal gait parameters and enhances lower neuromuscular control ability in female athletes with post-ACLR when crossing obstacles at 20% and 30% of LL.</p> Trial registration <p>This trial was prospectively registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100053942) on 04/12/2024.</p>

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Effect of functional electrical stimulation on maximum joint angles and gait asymmetry in female athletes post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction when crossing obstacles

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月15日

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  • I-Lin Wang,
  • Fei-Fei Lu,
  • Si-Min Lian,
  • Lijuan Chang,
  • Yi-Ming Chen

摘要

Background

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) can effectively stimulate muscle contraction and has shown great potential in improving human motor function. Female athletes post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (post-ACLR) have pervasive bilateral asymmetries. Moreover, asymmetric gait is often considered one of the risk factors for falls.

Methods

Twenty female athletes post-ACLR were divided into the FES group and the control (CON) group to cross different obstacle heights [(30%, 20%, and 10% of the leg length (LL)]. The two-way repeated analysis of variance was employed to examine the effects between groups and heights, as well as Bonferroni post-hoc comparison and an independent samples t-test.

Results

The FES group exhibited significantly decreased maximum hip joint angles (P < 0.001–0.001), knee joint angles (P < 0.001–0.008), swing time (P < 0.001–0.048), gait asymmetry (GA; P < 0.001–0.048), stance time GA (P < 0.001–0.029), and swing/stance time GA (P < 0.001) compared to the CON group when crossing obstacles at 30% and 20% LL, Furthermore, the step length was shorter in the FES group when crossing 30% LL obstacles (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study indicated that FES intervention effectively reduces bilateral asymmetry in spatiotemporal gait parameters and enhances lower neuromuscular control ability in female athletes with post-ACLR when crossing obstacles at 20% and 30% of LL.

Trial registration

This trial was prospectively registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100053942) on 04/12/2024.