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Objective <p>Frailty is a global public health issue, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is also associated with a variety of adverse health outcomes. However, the relationship between the combined effects of these two factors and the occurrence and progression of long-term diseases remains unclear.</p> Methods <p>This is a population-based cohort study involving 165,555 participants from the UK Biobank. We combined frailty status scores with metabolic condition scores to assess the predictive value. Associations were assessed using multi-state model, corrected Cox models, restricted cubic spline, stratified analysis, Kaplan-Meier analysis.</p> Results <p>During the 12.7-year follow-up period, 3,585 individuals were newly diagnosed with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), among whom 170 developed non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 699 died from all causes. Compared with Group 1(neither frailty nor MetS), the HR and 95% confidence intervals for Group 4 (both frailty and MetS) was 2.92 (2.45–3.47) for MAFLD, 4.21 (2.23–7.96) for MAFLD→NIDDM, and 1.22 (0.75–2.02) for MAFLD→Death. The Kaplan-Meier analysis further confirmed these findings. Consistent findings regarding the frailty phenotype and MetS had also been observed in the progression of NIDDM.</p> Conclusion <p>This study demonstrates a positive association between frailty phenotype and MetS in disease onset and progression, and their combined assessment enables a more effective early risk stratification.</p>

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Association of frailty and metabolism with multi-state model in fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus and all-cause mortality

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Xiaoyan Wang,
  • Chenxi Jin,
  • Qi Zhong,
  • Xiaomeng Wang,
  • Yining Xu,
  • Meixuan Li,
  • Lu Liu,
  • Hui Huang,
  • Anying Liang,
  • Jing Wang,
  • Xianbo Wu,
  • Linna Li,
  • Mengchen Zou

摘要

Objective

Frailty is a global public health issue, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is also associated with a variety of adverse health outcomes. However, the relationship between the combined effects of these two factors and the occurrence and progression of long-term diseases remains unclear.

Methods

This is a population-based cohort study involving 165,555 participants from the UK Biobank. We combined frailty status scores with metabolic condition scores to assess the predictive value. Associations were assessed using multi-state model, corrected Cox models, restricted cubic spline, stratified analysis, Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results

During the 12.7-year follow-up period, 3,585 individuals were newly diagnosed with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), among whom 170 developed non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 699 died from all causes. Compared with Group 1(neither frailty nor MetS), the HR and 95% confidence intervals for Group 4 (both frailty and MetS) was 2.92 (2.45–3.47) for MAFLD, 4.21 (2.23–7.96) for MAFLD→NIDDM, and 1.22 (0.75–2.02) for MAFLD→Death. The Kaplan-Meier analysis further confirmed these findings. Consistent findings regarding the frailty phenotype and MetS had also been observed in the progression of NIDDM.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates a positive association between frailty phenotype and MetS in disease onset and progression, and their combined assessment enables a more effective early risk stratification.