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Objective <p>To investigate whether combining balance training with action observation therapy (AOT) enhances upper limb motor performance compared to AOT alone in stroke survivors.</p> Design <p>Single-blinded randomised controlled trial.</p> Participants <p>Forty-five subacute to chronic stroke survivors with hemiparetic upper limb were randomised into intervention (<i>n</i> = 23) and control (<i>n</i> = 22) groups.</p> Methods <p>The intervention group received combined balance training and AOT (50&#xa0;min weekly), while the control group received AOT only (30&#xa0;min weekly) for twelve weeks. Outcomes included Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Upper Extremity Motor Assessment Scale (UE-MAS), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS).</p> Results <p>Both groups demonstrated significant within-group improvements in upper limb performance (FMA-UE: intervention Δ = 8.65 ± 5.31, control Δ = 7.00 ± 7.41, both <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and balance scores (BBS: intervention Δ = 8.65 ± 3.77; control Δ = 3.00 ± 2.96, both <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Between-group analysis revealed no significant differences in FMA-UE (<i>p</i> = 0.121) or UE-MAS improvements (<i>p</i> = 0.947). Balance improvements significantly favoured the intervention group (Δ = 5.65, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with only the intervention group achieving clinically meaningful improvement (Cohen’s d = 1.67, 95% CI [0.95, 2.39]).</p> Conclusion <p>Both groups demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements in upper limb function, supporting the effectiveness of AOT as a standalone intervention for upper limb rehabilitation in stroke survivors. However, the addition of balance training did not enhance upper limb recovery beyond AOT alone, despite significant improvements in balance outcomes.</p> <p><i>Trial Registration Number</i> NMRR ID-22-00662-JVY (Date of registration: 15 September 2022)</p>

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The effects of balance training combined with action observation therapy on upper limb motor performance following stroke: a single-blind randomised controlled trial

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Candace Goh Xiao Huey,
  • Fatimah Ahmedy,
  • Khin Nyein Yin

摘要

Objective

To investigate whether combining balance training with action observation therapy (AOT) enhances upper limb motor performance compared to AOT alone in stroke survivors.

Design

Single-blinded randomised controlled trial.

Participants

Forty-five subacute to chronic stroke survivors with hemiparetic upper limb were randomised into intervention (n = 23) and control (n = 22) groups.

Methods

The intervention group received combined balance training and AOT (50 min weekly), while the control group received AOT only (30 min weekly) for twelve weeks. Outcomes included Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Upper Extremity Motor Assessment Scale (UE-MAS), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS).

Results

Both groups demonstrated significant within-group improvements in upper limb performance (FMA-UE: intervention Δ = 8.65 ± 5.31, control Δ = 7.00 ± 7.41, both p < 0.001) and balance scores (BBS: intervention Δ = 8.65 ± 3.77; control Δ = 3.00 ± 2.96, both p < 0.001). Between-group analysis revealed no significant differences in FMA-UE (p = 0.121) or UE-MAS improvements (p = 0.947). Balance improvements significantly favoured the intervention group (Δ = 5.65, p < 0.001), with only the intervention group achieving clinically meaningful improvement (Cohen’s d = 1.67, 95% CI [0.95, 2.39]).

Conclusion

Both groups demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements in upper limb function, supporting the effectiveness of AOT as a standalone intervention for upper limb rehabilitation in stroke survivors. However, the addition of balance training did not enhance upper limb recovery beyond AOT alone, despite significant improvements in balance outcomes.

Trial Registration Number NMRR ID-22-00662-JVY (Date of registration: 15 September 2022)