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<p>5-methylcytosine (m<sup>5</sup>C) modification has emerged as a novel epigenetic modification of ribonucleic acids (RNAs), encompassing messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and non- coding RNAs, in recent years. This reversible modification, which is regulated by m<sup>5</sup>C regulators consisting of methyltransferases, demethyltransferases, and RNA-binding proteins, modulates all aspects of RNA metabolism and gene expression. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are prevalent malignancies with a high mortality rate globally. Accumulating evidence has indicated the significant role of m<sup>5</sup>C RNA modification in the tumorigenesis and progression of GI cancers. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of m<sup>5</sup>C RNA modification in RNA metabolism for the regulation of tumor biology, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion/metastasis, chemoresistance, and other biological functions. Furthermore, we summarize the specific role of m<sup>5</sup>C modification in GI cancers and propose some insights regarding its application as a tumor biomarker and therapeutic target, aiming to offer a new perspective for m<sup>5</sup>C modification in GI cancer diagnosis and treatment in the future.</p>

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m5C RNA modification in gastrointestinal cancers: a comprehensive review from molecular mechanism to clinical implication

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • Chao Xu,
  • Qinwen Ye,
  • Hao Wang,
  • Yue Yu

摘要

5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification has emerged as a novel epigenetic modification of ribonucleic acids (RNAs), encompassing messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and non- coding RNAs, in recent years. This reversible modification, which is regulated by m5C regulators consisting of methyltransferases, demethyltransferases, and RNA-binding proteins, modulates all aspects of RNA metabolism and gene expression. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are prevalent malignancies with a high mortality rate globally. Accumulating evidence has indicated the significant role of m5C RNA modification in the tumorigenesis and progression of GI cancers. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of m5C RNA modification in RNA metabolism for the regulation of tumor biology, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion/metastasis, chemoresistance, and other biological functions. Furthermore, we summarize the specific role of m5C modification in GI cancers and propose some insights regarding its application as a tumor biomarker and therapeutic target, aiming to offer a new perspective for m5C modification in GI cancer diagnosis and treatment in the future.