Background <p>Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-saving form of cardiopulmonary support for patients with severe refractory cardiopulmonary disease. It is a resource-intensive intervention requiring specialised equipment and personnel, with significant associated costs. This study aimed to determine the costs of care for patients who received ECMO in Australia and New Zealand, and to determine the impact of ECMO-related complications on costs.</p> Methods <p>A prospective observational clinical registry analysis was performed using data from 1,345 patients commenced on ECMO in Australia and New Zealand between 2019 and 2022. Per patient resource use was costed based on data from hospital admission to hospital discharge. Key outcomes were mean total patient cost and costs associated with complications. Costs were reported in 2022 Australian Dollars.</p> Results <p>Mean costs and daily ECMO costs varied significantly between ECMO modes. While total costs for venovenous (VV) ECMO was significantly more expensive (mean $287,264, standard deviation [SD] $251,193) than venoarterial (VA) ECMO (mean $215,128, SD $162,418) and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) (mean $121,274, SD $131,893), daily costs while receiving ECMO were least costly for VV ECMO. Complications occurred in 57% of patients. Cost incrementally increased with number of complications. Mean costs were significantly higher in patients with infection (mean $292,197, SD $217,806) compared to those without (mean $161,674, SD $165,175). Key cost drivers were intensive care and hospital length of stay, and ECMO-related procedure costs.</p> Conclusions <p>ECMO costs were high, with venovenous ECMO being most expensive due to an increased length of stay. Total patient cost increased with additional ECMO complications. Accurate ECMO costs and complications data can enable informed health budgeting and identification of areas for clinical improvement. (Trial registration: NCT03793257).</p>

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Costs and complications of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy in Australia and New Zealand

  • Kate R. Wilcox,
  • Lane Meredith,
  • Aidan Burrell,
  • Bentley Fulcher,
  • Carol L. Hodgson,
  • Alisa M. Higgins,
  • Laura Adams,
  • Jasmin Board,
  • Annalie Jones,
  • Emma Martin,
  • Vincent Pellegrino,
  • Jayne Sheldrake,
  • Andrew Udy,
  • Magdalena Butler,
  • Keri-Anne Cowdrey,
  • Eileen Gilder,
  • Katie Gill,
  • Alix Gray,
  • Brittany Mason,
  • Alastair McGeorge,
  • Shay McGuinness,
  • Andrew McKee,
  • Phillipa Neal,
  • Rachael Parke,
  • Melissa Robertson,
  • Laura Vui,
  • Hannah Ward,
  • Laura Weiss,
  • Rinaldo Bellomo,
  • Glenn Eastwood,
  • Caleb Fisher,
  • Andrew Hilton,
  • Ary Serpa Neto,
  • Leah Peck,
  • Helen Young,
  • James Bridgett,
  • Debbie Brown,
  • Geraldine Cook,
  • John Dyett,
  • Kym Gellie,
  • Arun Ilancheran,
  • Cheelim Liew,
  • Nicole Robertson,
  • Joanne Zhou,
  • Susan Donnelly,
  • Tash Edmunds,
  • Joshua Heard,
  • Sebastian Lijo,
  • Bree McDonald,
  • Mary Nourse,
  • Sumeet Rai,
  • Manoj Singh,
  • Hemanth Hurkadli Veerendra,
  • Tina Xu,
  • Jonathan Barrett,
  • Kyle Brooks,
  • Gabrielle Hanlon,
  • Laurie Saffer,
  • Chris Allen,
  • Nicholas Anthony,
  • Samantha Bizzell,
  • Edward Litton,
  • Annamaria Palermo,
  • Susan Pellicano,
  • Andrew Bersten,
  • Shailesh Bihari,
  • Julia Brown,
  • Sharon Comerford,
  • Laura Grear,
  • Joanne McIntyre,
  • Xia Jin,
  • Maimoonbe Gough,
  • Maree Houbert,
  • James McCullough,
  • Julie Pitman,
  • Mandy Tallott,
  • James Winearls,
  • Jorge Brieva,
  • Sarah Dalton,
  • Amber-Louise Poulter,
  • Matthew Brain,
  • Jo Chen,
  • Laurie McKeon,
  • Sarah Mineall,
  • Tarnya Trezise,
  • Maria Unwin,
  • Anders Aneman,
  • Danielle Austin,
  • Peter McCanny,
  • Jennene Miller,
  • Yolanda Cox,
  • Brendan Murfin,
  • Yayha Shehabi,
  • Patrica Alliegro,
  • Michael Bailey,
  • Stephen Bernard,
  • Simon Cumming,
  • Amanda Brown,
  • D James Cooper,
  • Alisa Higgins,
  • Carol Hodgson,
  • Ingrid Hopper,
  • Natalie Linke,
  • David Pilcher,
  • Dion Stub,
  • Tony Trapani,
  • Rachel Bushell,
  • John Fraser,
  • Jayshree Lavana,
  • Dawn Lockwood,
  • Raymond Marteene,
  • Dinesh Parmar,
  • Gavin Salt,
  • Solomon Thambiraj,
  • Megan Davis,
  • Meg Harward,
  • Cassie Jones,
  • Chris Joyce,
  • Josie Mackay,
  • Jason Meyer,
  • James Walsham,
  • Paola Arce-Arango,
  • Nerissa Brown,
  • Connor Christie,
  • Sarah Doherty,
  • Sophie Dohnt,
  • Mahni Foster,
  • Kathleen Glasby,
  • Fiona McDonald,
  • Stephanie O’Connor,
  • Benjamin Reddi,
  • Justine Rivett,
  • Joannies Yap,
  • Debra Bristow,
  • Jason Pincus,
  • Janine Stuart,
  • Nadine vonGrabill,
  • James Anstey,
  • Deborah Barge,
  • Menoly Butler,
  • Bradley Gebbie,
  • Katherine Munro,
  • Frances Bass,
  • Rosalind Eliott,
  • Pierre Janin,
  • Naomi Hammond,
  • Anne O’Connor,
  • Kieron Potger,
  • Elizabeth Yarad,
  • Maryam Alborzi,
  • Heidi Buhr,
  • Ruaidhri Carey,
  • Jennifer Coles,
  • Stuart Duffin,
  • David Gattas,
  • Olivia Evangelisti,
  • Bronwyn Kelly,
  • Cindy Liang,
  • Li Lok,
  • Timothy Southwood,
  • Richard Totaro,
  • Carla Walsh,
  • Elliott Worku,
  • Matthew Anstey,
  • Anthadene Endemann,
  • Sarah Hardy,
  • Bhuamik Mevavala,
  • Roxana Popa,
  • Stephen Richards,
  • Lara Rock,
  • Bradley Wibrow,
  • Sarah Jones,
  • Sarah Valle,
  • Mark Weeden,
  • Leanne Barbazza,
  • Barry Dixon,
  • Jennifer Holmes,
  • Patricia Hurune,
  • Yvette O’Brien,
  • Hergen Buscher,
  • Alexandra Campion,
  • Amelia Hall,
  • Sarah Henstridge,
  • Amelia Liu,
  • Priya Nair,
  • Sally Newman,
  • Claire Reynolds,
  • Cale Brookes,
  • Peter Garrett,
  • Lauren Murray,
  • Karen Carson,
  • Siva Senthuran,
  • Stephen Whebell,
  • Melanie White,
  • April Win,
  • Allison Bone,
  • Samantha Breguet,
  • Simone Fitzgerald,
  • Meg Gallagher,
  • Bradley Gebbie,
  • Stacey Hawker,
  • Michelle Horton,
  • Nima Kakho,
  • Joe McCaffrey,
  • Martina Nichonghaile,
  • Neil Orford,
  • Lucy Range,
  • Jemma Trickey,
  • Ashoke Bannerjee,
  • David Bowen,
  • Louise Cope,
  • Eleanore Clark-Mackay,
  • Benjamin Davidson,
  • James Hambly,
  • Jenyfer Joy,
  • Natalie Kruit,
  • Jing Kong,
  • Catherine Linh

摘要

Background

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-saving form of cardiopulmonary support for patients with severe refractory cardiopulmonary disease. It is a resource-intensive intervention requiring specialised equipment and personnel, with significant associated costs. This study aimed to determine the costs of care for patients who received ECMO in Australia and New Zealand, and to determine the impact of ECMO-related complications on costs.

Methods

A prospective observational clinical registry analysis was performed using data from 1,345 patients commenced on ECMO in Australia and New Zealand between 2019 and 2022. Per patient resource use was costed based on data from hospital admission to hospital discharge. Key outcomes were mean total patient cost and costs associated with complications. Costs were reported in 2022 Australian Dollars.

Results

Mean costs and daily ECMO costs varied significantly between ECMO modes. While total costs for venovenous (VV) ECMO was significantly more expensive (mean $287,264, standard deviation [SD] $251,193) than venoarterial (VA) ECMO (mean $215,128, SD $162,418) and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) (mean $121,274, SD $131,893), daily costs while receiving ECMO were least costly for VV ECMO. Complications occurred in 57% of patients. Cost incrementally increased with number of complications. Mean costs were significantly higher in patients with infection (mean $292,197, SD $217,806) compared to those without (mean $161,674, SD $165,175). Key cost drivers were intensive care and hospital length of stay, and ECMO-related procedure costs.

Conclusions

ECMO costs were high, with venovenous ECMO being most expensive due to an increased length of stay. Total patient cost increased with additional ECMO complications. Accurate ECMO costs and complications data can enable informed health budgeting and identification of areas for clinical improvement. (Trial registration: NCT03793257).