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Background <p>Ovarian ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and histopathological damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of flunarizine against ovarian I/R–induced injury in an experimental rat model.</p> Methods <p>Rats were divided into four groups: healthy control (HG), sham-operated (SOG), ovarian ischemia–reperfusion (OIR), and flunarizine-treated OIR (FOIR). Ovarian tissues were analyzed in terms of oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzyme activities, inflammatory cytokines, and histopathological alterations, including follicle counting.</p> Results <p>Ovarian I/R significantly increased tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) while significantly decreasing total glutathione (tGSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels. Histopathological evaluation revealed severe follicular degeneration, interstitial edema, vascular congestion, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the OIR group. Following flunarizine administration, these biochemical and histopathological alterations were significantly ameliorated, and a partial restoration in follicle counts was observed.</p> Conclusion <p>The findings of this study demonstrate that flunarizine exerts protective effects against ovarian I/R injury by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and histopathological damage.</p>

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Flunarizine attenuates ischemia–reperfusion–induced ovarian injury in rats

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Arzu Yavuz,
  • Kemine Uzel,
  • Esra Tuba Sezgin,
  • Şeyma İlayda Paltacı,
  • Özlem Demir,
  • Mehmet Kuzucu,
  • Halis Süleyman

摘要

Background

Ovarian ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and histopathological damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of flunarizine against ovarian I/R–induced injury in an experimental rat model.

Methods

Rats were divided into four groups: healthy control (HG), sham-operated (SOG), ovarian ischemia–reperfusion (OIR), and flunarizine-treated OIR (FOIR). Ovarian tissues were analyzed in terms of oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzyme activities, inflammatory cytokines, and histopathological alterations, including follicle counting.

Results

Ovarian I/R significantly increased tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) while significantly decreasing total glutathione (tGSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels. Histopathological evaluation revealed severe follicular degeneration, interstitial edema, vascular congestion, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the OIR group. Following flunarizine administration, these biochemical and histopathological alterations were significantly ameliorated, and a partial restoration in follicle counts was observed.

Conclusion

The findings of this study demonstrate that flunarizine exerts protective effects against ovarian I/R injury by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and histopathological damage.