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Background <p>Maxillary constriction in adults often requires surgically assisted maxillary expansion. While skeletal and dental changes are well described, soft-tissue effects remain less clear. This study evaluated soft-tissue changes using selected parameters of Arnett’s soft tissue cephalometric analysis (STCA) after bone-borne SARME.</p> Methods <p>This retrospective observational cohort study included 42 adults (mean age 27.67 years) who underwent SARME with a bone-borne distractor. Lateral cephalograms were obtained preoperatively and 6–8 months post-expansion. Sixteen STCA parameters and angles (SNA, SNB, ANB) were measured by two calibrated observers. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Spearman’s correlation.</p> Results <p>SARME was associated with in a mean clockwise rotation of the maxillary occlusal plane of + 1.52° and the mandibular occlusal plane of + 1.72°. Vertical soft-tissue changes included an increase in maxillary anterior height (+ 0.62&#xa0;mm) and upper lip height (+ 0.56&#xa0;mm). Sagittally, nasal tip projection decreased (–0.44&#xa0;mm) and chin to forehead distance decreased (–3.11&#xa0;mm), indicating posterior chin displacement. Airway analysis showed a significant increase only at the Pog level (PAS-Pog + 1.94&#xa0;mm). SNB decreased and ANB increased significantly, consistent with mandibular clockwise rotation. No differences were found between skeletal Class II and III groups.</p> Conclusions <p>Bone-borne SARME was associated with measurable vertical and sagittal soft-tissue changes. Clockwise occlusal plane rotation was linked to increased facial height and posterior chin movement. STCA can support communication and planning in adult maxillary expansion.</p>

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Assessment of changes in selected parameters of Arnett’s soft tissue cephalometric analysis (STCA) in patients undergoing SARME/SARPE

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月15日

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  • Rafał Nowak,
  • Anna Olejnik,
  • Ewa Zawiślak,
  • Ada Kaczmarek-Niedzielska,
  • Hanna Gerber

摘要

Background

Maxillary constriction in adults often requires surgically assisted maxillary expansion. While skeletal and dental changes are well described, soft-tissue effects remain less clear. This study evaluated soft-tissue changes using selected parameters of Arnett’s soft tissue cephalometric analysis (STCA) after bone-borne SARME.

Methods

This retrospective observational cohort study included 42 adults (mean age 27.67 years) who underwent SARME with a bone-borne distractor. Lateral cephalograms were obtained preoperatively and 6–8 months post-expansion. Sixteen STCA parameters and angles (SNA, SNB, ANB) were measured by two calibrated observers. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Spearman’s correlation.

Results

SARME was associated with in a mean clockwise rotation of the maxillary occlusal plane of + 1.52° and the mandibular occlusal plane of + 1.72°. Vertical soft-tissue changes included an increase in maxillary anterior height (+ 0.62 mm) and upper lip height (+ 0.56 mm). Sagittally, nasal tip projection decreased (–0.44 mm) and chin to forehead distance decreased (–3.11 mm), indicating posterior chin displacement. Airway analysis showed a significant increase only at the Pog level (PAS-Pog + 1.94 mm). SNB decreased and ANB increased significantly, consistent with mandibular clockwise rotation. No differences were found between skeletal Class II and III groups.

Conclusions

Bone-borne SARME was associated with measurable vertical and sagittal soft-tissue changes. Clockwise occlusal plane rotation was linked to increased facial height and posterior chin movement. STCA can support communication and planning in adult maxillary expansion.