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Background <p>Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) generally has a favourable prognosis with standard treatments; however, the risks of local recurrence and distant metastases remain a concern, affecting a substantial proportion of patients. Radioactive iodine (RAI) refractoriness further complicates DTC management, leading to substantially reduced survival rates. In this study, we aimed to identify anexelekto (AXL) expression and <i>TERT</i> promoter mutation as potential predictors of RAI-refractory DTC.</p> Methods <p>We conducted a retrospective analysis of 81 DTC patients who underwent thyroidectomy and received at least two courses of RAI therapy. After a median follow-up period of 30 months (range: 6–60 months), therapy response was categorized as nonrefractory or refractory. AXL expression and <i>TERT</i> promoter mutation were evaluated in all patients to discern any associations with the development of RAI refractoriness.</p> Results <p>The overall prevalence of refractory RAI in DTC patients was 44.4% (36/81). AXL expression was high in 30/36 patients (83.3%) with RAI-refractory DTC and negative/low in 24/45 patients (53.3%) with non-RAI-refractory DTC (OR adjusted: 44.98, CI 95%: 1.41-1439.03, <i>p</i> = 0.031). <i>TERT</i> promoter mutation occurred in 21/36 (58.3%) RAI-refractory DTCs and in 2/45 (4.4%) non-RAI-refractory DTCs (OR adjusted: 10.95, CI 95%: 1.06-112.92, <i>p</i> = 0.044). Despite similar age, sex, and histological type distributions between the RAI-refractory and non-RAI-refractory groups, significant differences in clinicopathological characteristics emerged. Multivariate analysis confirmed that aggressive subtype, elevated AXL expression, and <i>TERT</i> promoter mutation independently correlated with RAI-refractory status.</p> Conclusions <p>Our predictive model highlights the association of elevated AXL expression, <i>TERT</i> promoter mutation, and an aggressive tumour subtype with the risk of RAI refractoriness. This information has the potential to aid in making informed treatment decisions. Furthermore, AXL is a potential therapeutic target for RAI-refractory disease.</p>

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The ability of anexelekto (AXL) expression and TERT promoter mutation to predict radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月16日

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  • Hasrayati Agustina,
  • Tutik Nur Ayni,
  • Yohana Azhar,
  • Erwin Affandi Soeriadi,
  • Bethy Suryawathy Hernowo

摘要

Background

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) generally has a favourable prognosis with standard treatments; however, the risks of local recurrence and distant metastases remain a concern, affecting a substantial proportion of patients. Radioactive iodine (RAI) refractoriness further complicates DTC management, leading to substantially reduced survival rates. In this study, we aimed to identify anexelekto (AXL) expression and TERT promoter mutation as potential predictors of RAI-refractory DTC.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 81 DTC patients who underwent thyroidectomy and received at least two courses of RAI therapy. After a median follow-up period of 30 months (range: 6–60 months), therapy response was categorized as nonrefractory or refractory. AXL expression and TERT promoter mutation were evaluated in all patients to discern any associations with the development of RAI refractoriness.

Results

The overall prevalence of refractory RAI in DTC patients was 44.4% (36/81). AXL expression was high in 30/36 patients (83.3%) with RAI-refractory DTC and negative/low in 24/45 patients (53.3%) with non-RAI-refractory DTC (OR adjusted: 44.98, CI 95%: 1.41-1439.03, p = 0.031). TERT promoter mutation occurred in 21/36 (58.3%) RAI-refractory DTCs and in 2/45 (4.4%) non-RAI-refractory DTCs (OR adjusted: 10.95, CI 95%: 1.06-112.92, p = 0.044). Despite similar age, sex, and histological type distributions between the RAI-refractory and non-RAI-refractory groups, significant differences in clinicopathological characteristics emerged. Multivariate analysis confirmed that aggressive subtype, elevated AXL expression, and TERT promoter mutation independently correlated with RAI-refractory status.

Conclusions

Our predictive model highlights the association of elevated AXL expression, TERT promoter mutation, and an aggressive tumour subtype with the risk of RAI refractoriness. This information has the potential to aid in making informed treatment decisions. Furthermore, AXL is a potential therapeutic target for RAI-refractory disease.