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Background <p>Childhood maltreatment is a major risk factor for mental and substance use disorders particularly among adolescents however, there’s no comprehensive report of its attributable burden on anxiety, depression, and substance use disorder in Africa. This research sort to delineate the Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) trend and age-period-cohort effects on these disorders attributable to childhood maltreatment among 10–24-year-olds in Africa.</p> Methods <p>DALY estimates and 95% uncertainty intervals for anxiety, depression, and substance use disorder attributable to childhood maltreatment among adolescents in Africa were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. Trends between 1990 and 2021 were analyzed using Joinpoint regression analysis. The Age-Period-Cohort model was used to determine the effect of age, period, and cohort on these disorders.</p> Results <p>In 2021, the DALY rate for anxiety was 95.41 (37.32–185.13), 117.57 (54.31–209.16) for depression, and 3.82 (0.63–10.38) for substance use disorder per 100,000 population among adolescents in Africa. Trend analysis showed an increase in anxiety [AAPC: 0.88 (0.84–0.91)] and depressive disorders [AAPC: 0.71(0.68–0.74)]. Niger recorded the highest growth in average annual percentage change (AAPC): 3.17 [95% CI 3.08–3.27] for anxiety, Burkina Faso recorded the highest rise in AAPC: 1.96 [95% CI 1.85–2.08] for depression, and Uganda recorded the highest incline in AAPC: 0.65 [95% CI 0.59–0.72] for substance use disorder. Higher age effects were noted in all disorders, particularly in the 15–19-year group. Period effects were higher for anxiety and depressive disorders and lower for substance use disorders. A higher cohort effect was observed in all disorders during the study period.</p> Conclusions <p>Anxiety and depressive disorders due to childhood maltreatment have been on the rise for 3 decades in Africa. Given the implications of the early onset and lifetime burden of mental and substance use disorders, a comprehensive policy framework that facilitates increased access to specialists in childhood maltreatment-related mental disorder services is essential.</p>

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The burden of anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders attributable to childhood maltreatment among adolescents in Africa: insights from the global burden of disease study 2021

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

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  • Louisa Esi Mackay,
  • Blen Dereje Shiferaw,
  • Yunjiao Luo,
  • Na Yan,
  • Yuhao Wang,
  • Yingxue Wang,
  • Yihan Wang,
  • Xinyi Hu,
  • SuSu Tian,
  • Jiayi Tian,
  • Huihang Lan,
  • Yuxuan Liu,
  • Wei Wang

摘要

Background

Childhood maltreatment is a major risk factor for mental and substance use disorders particularly among adolescents however, there’s no comprehensive report of its attributable burden on anxiety, depression, and substance use disorder in Africa. This research sort to delineate the Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) trend and age-period-cohort effects on these disorders attributable to childhood maltreatment among 10–24-year-olds in Africa.

Methods

DALY estimates and 95% uncertainty intervals for anxiety, depression, and substance use disorder attributable to childhood maltreatment among adolescents in Africa were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. Trends between 1990 and 2021 were analyzed using Joinpoint regression analysis. The Age-Period-Cohort model was used to determine the effect of age, period, and cohort on these disorders.

Results

In 2021, the DALY rate for anxiety was 95.41 (37.32–185.13), 117.57 (54.31–209.16) for depression, and 3.82 (0.63–10.38) for substance use disorder per 100,000 population among adolescents in Africa. Trend analysis showed an increase in anxiety [AAPC: 0.88 (0.84–0.91)] and depressive disorders [AAPC: 0.71(0.68–0.74)]. Niger recorded the highest growth in average annual percentage change (AAPC): 3.17 [95% CI 3.08–3.27] for anxiety, Burkina Faso recorded the highest rise in AAPC: 1.96 [95% CI 1.85–2.08] for depression, and Uganda recorded the highest incline in AAPC: 0.65 [95% CI 0.59–0.72] for substance use disorder. Higher age effects were noted in all disorders, particularly in the 15–19-year group. Period effects were higher for anxiety and depressive disorders and lower for substance use disorders. A higher cohort effect was observed in all disorders during the study period.

Conclusions

Anxiety and depressive disorders due to childhood maltreatment have been on the rise for 3 decades in Africa. Given the implications of the early onset and lifetime burden of mental and substance use disorders, a comprehensive policy framework that facilitates increased access to specialists in childhood maltreatment-related mental disorder services is essential.