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Background <p>Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ɷ3 PUFA), have been proposed as a supplement to improve cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents. However, findings evidence remains inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of ɷ-3 PUFA supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents.</p> Methods <p>A systematic review of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to January 2024 was searched. Data were pooled using a random-effects model to calculate Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% Confidence intervals (CIs).</p> Results <p>Nine studies with 595 participants were included. The meta-analysis revealed that ɷ-3 PUFA supplementation significantly reduced Body mass index (BMI) (WMD = -0.39&#xa0;kg/m²; 95% CI: -0.72, -0.05, I<sup>2</sup> = 0.0%, <i>P</i> = 0.497), triglyceride (TG) (WMD = -23.54&#xa0;mg/dl, 95% CI: -42.90, -4.18, I<sup>2</sup> = 89.2%, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), and Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD = -0.38, 95% CI: -0.67, -0.10, I<sup>2</sup> = 53.6%, <i>P</i> = 0.071). However, ɷ-3 PUFA supplementation did not significantly affect weight, BMI-Z score, Fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, Total cholesterol (TC), Low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C), and High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Moreover, subgroup analysis elucidated that ɷ-3 supplementation has more pronounced effects in higher doses (&gt; 1500&#xa0;mg/ day) in term of BMI, LDL-c, TG. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2), which identified eight studies as having a high risk of bias. Additionally, the GRADE assessment indicated a high quality of evidence for BMI, HOMA-IR, TG and moderate quality for weight, FBS, TC, LDL-c, and HDL-c values.</p> Conclusions <p>The current meta-analysis revealed that ɷ3 PUFA supplementation beneficial effect on BMI, HOMA-IR, and TG levels. No favorable effect of ɷ3 PUFA supplementation on weight, BMI z-score, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, FBS and insulin was observed.</p>

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Omega-3 supplementation and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents: a GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月17日

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  • Vali Musazadeh,
  • Mahsa Mahmoudinezhad,
  • Pedram Pam,
  • Sanaz Brazandeh,
  • Fatemeh Faramarzi,
  • Yousef Mohammadpour,
  • Amir Hossein Faghfouri,
  • Shahsanam Gheibi

摘要

Background

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ɷ3 PUFA), have been proposed as a supplement to improve cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents. However, findings evidence remains inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of ɷ-3 PUFA supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents.

Methods

A systematic review of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to January 2024 was searched. Data were pooled using a random-effects model to calculate Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% Confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Nine studies with 595 participants were included. The meta-analysis revealed that ɷ-3 PUFA supplementation significantly reduced Body mass index (BMI) (WMD = -0.39 kg/m²; 95% CI: -0.72, -0.05, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.497), triglyceride (TG) (WMD = -23.54 mg/dl, 95% CI: -42.90, -4.18, I2 = 89.2%, P < 0.001), and Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD = -0.38, 95% CI: -0.67, -0.10, I2 = 53.6%, P = 0.071). However, ɷ-3 PUFA supplementation did not significantly affect weight, BMI-Z score, Fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, Total cholesterol (TC), Low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C), and High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Moreover, subgroup analysis elucidated that ɷ-3 supplementation has more pronounced effects in higher doses (> 1500 mg/ day) in term of BMI, LDL-c, TG. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2), which identified eight studies as having a high risk of bias. Additionally, the GRADE assessment indicated a high quality of evidence for BMI, HOMA-IR, TG and moderate quality for weight, FBS, TC, LDL-c, and HDL-c values.

Conclusions

The current meta-analysis revealed that ɷ3 PUFA supplementation beneficial effect on BMI, HOMA-IR, and TG levels. No favorable effect of ɷ3 PUFA supplementation on weight, BMI z-score, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, FBS and insulin was observed.