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<p>The rapid evolution of influenza A/H3N2 virus underscores the imperative for ongoing surveillance. In this study, we analyzed 7,872 respiratory samples collected from patients with influenza-like symptoms in Jiaxing, China, between 2019 and 2024, selecting 117 influenza A/H3N2 strains for whole-genome sequencing. Between 2019 and 2024, the influenza A/H3N2 virus in Jiaxing experienced six epidemic peaks, evolving from clades 3&#xa0;C.2a1b.1a/1b, 3&#xa0;C.2a1b.2, and 3&#xa0;C.2b1b.2a.2a.3/3b to clade 3&#xa0;C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a.1. Compared with the 2019–2021 period, influenza A/H3N2 viruses circulating in Jiaxing during 2022–2024 demonstrated a longer evolutionary distance and increased hemagglutination titers. Additionally, seven novel amino acid substitutions (H156S, Y159N, T160I, S186D, D190N, I192F, N96S) were identified in HA antigenic epitopes of circulating influenza A/H3N2 viruses during 2023–2024. Notably, based on predicted vaccine effectiveness, the 2023–2024 influenza vaccine retained strong protective efficacy. In conclusion, this study characterizes the evolutionary features of influenza A/H3N2 virus in Jiaxing during 2019–2024. These results enhance our understanding of the natural evolution of influenza virus and the emergence of new variants, providing critical insights into influenza vaccine effectiveness.</p>

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Genetic characteristics of influenza A/H3N2 virus in Jiaxing, China (2019–2024)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月4日

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  • Yin Song,
  • Xue Zhang,
  • Jimei Ji,
  • Lina Li,
  • Yamei Zhou,
  • Ping Li,
  • Ganglin Ren,
  • Shencong Lv,
  • Xiaofei Zhang,
  • Yong Yan,
  • Guoying Zhu

摘要

The rapid evolution of influenza A/H3N2 virus underscores the imperative for ongoing surveillance. In this study, we analyzed 7,872 respiratory samples collected from patients with influenza-like symptoms in Jiaxing, China, between 2019 and 2024, selecting 117 influenza A/H3N2 strains for whole-genome sequencing. Between 2019 and 2024, the influenza A/H3N2 virus in Jiaxing experienced six epidemic peaks, evolving from clades 3 C.2a1b.1a/1b, 3 C.2a1b.2, and 3 C.2b1b.2a.2a.3/3b to clade 3 C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a.1. Compared with the 2019–2021 period, influenza A/H3N2 viruses circulating in Jiaxing during 2022–2024 demonstrated a longer evolutionary distance and increased hemagglutination titers. Additionally, seven novel amino acid substitutions (H156S, Y159N, T160I, S186D, D190N, I192F, N96S) were identified in HA antigenic epitopes of circulating influenza A/H3N2 viruses during 2023–2024. Notably, based on predicted vaccine effectiveness, the 2023–2024 influenza vaccine retained strong protective efficacy. In conclusion, this study characterizes the evolutionary features of influenza A/H3N2 virus in Jiaxing during 2019–2024. These results enhance our understanding of the natural evolution of influenza virus and the emergence of new variants, providing critical insights into influenza vaccine effectiveness.