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Background <p>Movement elicits a robust decrease in motor cortical beta-band (β; 13–30&#xa0;Hz) power contralateral to the moving limb. On this basis, studies have targeted contralateral motor cortical β power to decode or modulate movement vigor (initiation and execution speed) non-invasively. Yet, reported behavioral effects and decoding accuracy remain modest. Considering that controlling vigor involves distributed brain regions, network-level metrics that capture interactions between cortical regions may track changes in vigor more accurately than local power. We therefore tested whether β cortico-cortical coherence, measured as functional connectivity between contralateral motor cortex and other cortical areas, predicts movement vigor more reliably than β power.</p> Methods <p>Thirty healthy participants performed right hand opening at two instructed speeds (Fast, Slow), while high-density electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. EEG data were source-localized, and analyses were conducted at the sensor and source levels. We compared β power and β coherence in their ability to discriminate Fast from Slow condition. Effects were assessed across the whole scalp/cortex and using subject-specific selections of electrodes/parcels optimized for discrimination.</p> Results <p>Fast trials exhibited shorter movement time and reaction time than Slow trials, indicating higher vigor. No electrodes cluster showed any significant β power difference between Fast and Slow conditions. With subject-specific channels selection, β power discriminated vigor above chance (ΔAUC = 0.15, <i>p</i> = 10<sup>− 15</sup>), but no consistent sign of β power contrast (Fast &lt; Slow or Fast &gt; Slow) was found across participants (t = 0.43, <i>p</i> = 0.673). In contrast, using subject-specific parcels selection, β coherence was reduced during Fast relative to Slow in the majority of participants (t = − 2.32, <i>p</i> = 0.028) and predicted speed condition above chance (ΔAUC = 0.15, <i>p</i> = 10<sup>− 18</sup>). Across participants, lower β coherence (<i>r</i> = − 0.33, <i>p</i> = 0.038), but not β power (<i>r</i> = − 0.11, <i>p</i> = 0.286), was significantly associated with larger Slow-Fast vigor difference.</p> Conclusions <p>β cortico-cortical coherence between contralateral motor cortex and other cortical regions provided a more robust and consistent predictor of movement vigor than contralateral motor cortical β power. β coherence exhibited a sustained reduction during fast movements across trials and participants, supporting its use as target for non-invasive neuromodulation of vigor and as feature for decoding intended movement speed.</p>

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Cortical beta coherence provides a stronger non-invasive predictor of movement vigor than local beta power

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月11日

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  • Emeline Pierrieau,
  • Claire Dussard,
  • Axel Plantey-Veux,
  • Cloé Guerrini,
  • Nathalie George,
  • Camille Jeunet-Kelway

摘要

Background

Movement elicits a robust decrease in motor cortical beta-band (β; 13–30 Hz) power contralateral to the moving limb. On this basis, studies have targeted contralateral motor cortical β power to decode or modulate movement vigor (initiation and execution speed) non-invasively. Yet, reported behavioral effects and decoding accuracy remain modest. Considering that controlling vigor involves distributed brain regions, network-level metrics that capture interactions between cortical regions may track changes in vigor more accurately than local power. We therefore tested whether β cortico-cortical coherence, measured as functional connectivity between contralateral motor cortex and other cortical areas, predicts movement vigor more reliably than β power.

Methods

Thirty healthy participants performed right hand opening at two instructed speeds (Fast, Slow), while high-density electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. EEG data were source-localized, and analyses were conducted at the sensor and source levels. We compared β power and β coherence in their ability to discriminate Fast from Slow condition. Effects were assessed across the whole scalp/cortex and using subject-specific selections of electrodes/parcels optimized for discrimination.

Results

Fast trials exhibited shorter movement time and reaction time than Slow trials, indicating higher vigor. No electrodes cluster showed any significant β power difference between Fast and Slow conditions. With subject-specific channels selection, β power discriminated vigor above chance (ΔAUC = 0.15, p = 10− 15), but no consistent sign of β power contrast (Fast < Slow or Fast > Slow) was found across participants (t = 0.43, p = 0.673). In contrast, using subject-specific parcels selection, β coherence was reduced during Fast relative to Slow in the majority of participants (t = − 2.32, p = 0.028) and predicted speed condition above chance (ΔAUC = 0.15, p = 10− 18). Across participants, lower β coherence (r = − 0.33, p = 0.038), but not β power (r = − 0.11, p = 0.286), was significantly associated with larger Slow-Fast vigor difference.

Conclusions

β cortico-cortical coherence between contralateral motor cortex and other cortical regions provided a more robust and consistent predictor of movement vigor than contralateral motor cortical β power. β coherence exhibited a sustained reduction during fast movements across trials and participants, supporting its use as target for non-invasive neuromodulation of vigor and as feature for decoding intended movement speed.