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<p>Rural waste systems represent important interfaces linking human, animal, and environmental health. Poor management of livestock manure, wastewater, and other solid and liquid waste streams has been associated with increased risks of zoonotic disease transmission and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, evidence from rural and low-resource settings remains fragmented. This study synthesized existing evidence on zoonotic and AMR risks within the waste–livestock-human–environment nexus and developed a conceptual framework to support integrated risk management in rural One Health systems. A narrative synthesis was conducted using 93 peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2025. Studies were identified through major scientific databases and screened using predefined inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and organized thematically according to waste type, exposure pathways, geographic context, biological hazards, and reported interventions. The findings indicate that animal manure, human faeces, wastewater, and slaughter-facility effluent were the waste streams most frequently associated with zoonotic and AMR risks. Bacterial zoonoses and resistant pathogens were reported in approximately 72% of the studies. Fewer than 10% of studies applied quantitative microbial risk assessment or molecular AMR surveillance approaches, highlighting major analytical and monitoring gaps. Frequently reported risk factors included poor hygiene practices, unsafe water use, limited infrastructure, and weak regulatory enforcement, particularly in rural African and South Asian settings. Based on the synthesis, a Rural Waste-Mediated One Health Risk Prioritization Framework was developed to support coordinated surveillance, policy development, and community-level interventions in rural systems.</p>

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Mapping waste mediated zoonotic and antimicrobial resistance risks in rural One Health systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Alban Mugoti,
  • Margaret Macherera,
  • Moses Chimbari,
  • Nkululeko Mpofu,
  • Memory Kaiyo,
  • Sithabile Dube,
  • Tendai Chikava,
  • Bright Chisadza

摘要

Rural waste systems represent important interfaces linking human, animal, and environmental health. Poor management of livestock manure, wastewater, and other solid and liquid waste streams has been associated with increased risks of zoonotic disease transmission and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, evidence from rural and low-resource settings remains fragmented. This study synthesized existing evidence on zoonotic and AMR risks within the waste–livestock-human–environment nexus and developed a conceptual framework to support integrated risk management in rural One Health systems. A narrative synthesis was conducted using 93 peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2025. Studies were identified through major scientific databases and screened using predefined inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and organized thematically according to waste type, exposure pathways, geographic context, biological hazards, and reported interventions. The findings indicate that animal manure, human faeces, wastewater, and slaughter-facility effluent were the waste streams most frequently associated with zoonotic and AMR risks. Bacterial zoonoses and resistant pathogens were reported in approximately 72% of the studies. Fewer than 10% of studies applied quantitative microbial risk assessment or molecular AMR surveillance approaches, highlighting major analytical and monitoring gaps. Frequently reported risk factors included poor hygiene practices, unsafe water use, limited infrastructure, and weak regulatory enforcement, particularly in rural African and South Asian settings. Based on the synthesis, a Rural Waste-Mediated One Health Risk Prioritization Framework was developed to support coordinated surveillance, policy development, and community-level interventions in rural systems.