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<p>Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important respiratory pathogen associated with seasonal outbreaks, disproportionately affecting children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. The recent surveillance reports from selected regions during the winter of 2024–2025 have shown increased viral activity, which showed the increasing public health threat of this respiratory pathogen. HMPV transmission is influenced by seasonal and environmental factors, prolonged viral shedding, and asymptomatic spread, which complicates the disease control. Still, no licensed vaccine or antiviral therapeutics are currently available. This perspective discusses the epidemiological trends, transmission dynamics, and emerging vaccine strategies with a focus on antigenic diversity and immune correlates of protection. The continued surveillance, improving diagnostics strategies, and accelerated vaccine development are essential to reduce the disease burden and improve our preparedness against future respiratory outbreaks.</p>

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Human metapneumovirus: epidemiology transmission and vaccine development

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月14日

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  • Ashwini Malla,
  • Balamurugan Shanmugaraj,
  • Sankarganesh Jeyaraj

摘要

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important respiratory pathogen associated with seasonal outbreaks, disproportionately affecting children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. The recent surveillance reports from selected regions during the winter of 2024–2025 have shown increased viral activity, which showed the increasing public health threat of this respiratory pathogen. HMPV transmission is influenced by seasonal and environmental factors, prolonged viral shedding, and asymptomatic spread, which complicates the disease control. Still, no licensed vaccine or antiviral therapeutics are currently available. This perspective discusses the epidemiological trends, transmission dynamics, and emerging vaccine strategies with a focus on antigenic diversity and immune correlates of protection. The continued surveillance, improving diagnostics strategies, and accelerated vaccine development are essential to reduce the disease burden and improve our preparedness against future respiratory outbreaks.