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Background <p>Knowledge, risk perception, and disposal practices (KPP) of Used and Expired Medicines (UEMs) among Generation Z (young persons) remain an under-researched field. This study aimed to investigate these to provide interventions backed up by solid evidence.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted with young persons across three sub-Saharan African countries: Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Tanzania, receiving a structured questionnaire distributed on Google Forms. Computational statistics was carried out to explore sociodemographic characteristics and their association with KPP using SPSS version 24.0, while p-values &lt; 0.05 were considered statistically significant.</p> Results <p>575 young persons (Mean age = 22 ± 2.93 years) completed the survey. KPP scores were 75.7%, 59.3% and 28.7% respectively. Knowledge was highest in Nigeria (76.3%), followed by Ethiopia (75.0%), and Tanzania (68.8%). Risk perception was fair (46.9% − 60.1%), while disposal practice was poor in all countries (25%-35.7%), but poorest in Tanzania (25%). Knowledge was associated with risk perception and disposal practice (<i>p</i> = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively), but risk perception was not associated with disposal practice (<i>p</i> = 0.329). Residency was a predictor of risk perception; participants in tertiary institutions were four times [Odds Ratio (OR = 4.1; 95% CI, 2.1–7.9)] more knowledgeable than their secondary school counterparts.</p> Conclusion <p>Having demonstrated high knowledge of what UEMs are, there still exists a disposal practice and risk perception gap in Generation Z. Addressing the predictors is crucial to effectively preventing the future health threat of pharmaceutical waste in these countries.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Computational analysis of knowledge, risk perception, and disposal practice of unused and expired medication among Generation Z in three sub-Saharan African countries

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Damilola A. Ibirogba,
  • Ebsitu H. Abate,
  • Muganyizi Bisheko,
  • Abdullahi Salahudeen,
  • Ibrahim Egyegini,
  • Oluwagbemisola Olukogbe,
  • Oluwatobi Esther Adelaja,
  • Chibuzor Udoji,
  • Oyepeju F. Abioye,
  • Abdisa Tufa Bedada,
  • Ayooluwa T. Akintola

摘要

Background

Knowledge, risk perception, and disposal practices (KPP) of Used and Expired Medicines (UEMs) among Generation Z (young persons) remain an under-researched field. This study aimed to investigate these to provide interventions backed up by solid evidence.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted with young persons across three sub-Saharan African countries: Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Tanzania, receiving a structured questionnaire distributed on Google Forms. Computational statistics was carried out to explore sociodemographic characteristics and their association with KPP using SPSS version 24.0, while p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

575 young persons (Mean age = 22 ± 2.93 years) completed the survey. KPP scores were 75.7%, 59.3% and 28.7% respectively. Knowledge was highest in Nigeria (76.3%), followed by Ethiopia (75.0%), and Tanzania (68.8%). Risk perception was fair (46.9% − 60.1%), while disposal practice was poor in all countries (25%-35.7%), but poorest in Tanzania (25%). Knowledge was associated with risk perception and disposal practice (p = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively), but risk perception was not associated with disposal practice (p = 0.329). Residency was a predictor of risk perception; participants in tertiary institutions were four times [Odds Ratio (OR = 4.1; 95% CI, 2.1–7.9)] more knowledgeable than their secondary school counterparts.

Conclusion

Having demonstrated high knowledge of what UEMs are, there still exists a disposal practice and risk perception gap in Generation Z. Addressing the predictors is crucial to effectively preventing the future health threat of pharmaceutical waste in these countries.

Graphical Abstract