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<p>This study examines spatial and temporal disparities in child malnutrition across Indian districts and assesses the impact of early POSHAN Abhiyaan implementation using multidimensional and quasi-experimental approaches. Drawing on NFHS-4 (2015–2016) and NFHS-5 (2019–2021) data, the composite MANUSH index is employed to capture multidimensional child malnutrition, validated through Linear Aggregation, Min–Max Normalization, and Principal Component Analysis. A Difference-in-Differences (DiD) framework is applied to estimate the causal effects of POSHAN Abhiyaan, while quantile regressions explore distributional impacts. Placebo tests further validate causal inferences. Results reveal significant spatial variations: Uttar Pradesh showed marked improvement, moving from “Extremely Alarming” to “Moderate” status and reducing “High-High” malnutrition clusters. Affluent states such as Maharashtra and Gujarat continue to exhibit persistently high malnutrition. DiD estimates confirm significant improvements in MANUSH scores in early POSHAN districts, with a 0.046-point greater reduction compared to non-POSHAN districts. The findings indicate that, despite national progress, substantial regional inequalities in child malnutrition persist, with tribal and marginalized districts of affluent states continuing to face severe challenges.</p>

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District level disparities in multidimensional child malnutrition and effects of initial phase POSHAN Abhiyaan in India

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月16日

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  • Tiken Das

摘要

This study examines spatial and temporal disparities in child malnutrition across Indian districts and assesses the impact of early POSHAN Abhiyaan implementation using multidimensional and quasi-experimental approaches. Drawing on NFHS-4 (2015–2016) and NFHS-5 (2019–2021) data, the composite MANUSH index is employed to capture multidimensional child malnutrition, validated through Linear Aggregation, Min–Max Normalization, and Principal Component Analysis. A Difference-in-Differences (DiD) framework is applied to estimate the causal effects of POSHAN Abhiyaan, while quantile regressions explore distributional impacts. Placebo tests further validate causal inferences. Results reveal significant spatial variations: Uttar Pradesh showed marked improvement, moving from “Extremely Alarming” to “Moderate” status and reducing “High-High” malnutrition clusters. Affluent states such as Maharashtra and Gujarat continue to exhibit persistently high malnutrition. DiD estimates confirm significant improvements in MANUSH scores in early POSHAN districts, with a 0.046-point greater reduction compared to non-POSHAN districts. The findings indicate that, despite national progress, substantial regional inequalities in child malnutrition persist, with tribal and marginalized districts of affluent states continuing to face severe challenges.