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Background <p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide and the leading etiological factor for cervical cancer (CC). Since 2006, vaccination programs have been implemented. However, the sociodemographic and behavioral factors influencing infection rates after vaccine introduction remain poorly understood, particularly among young women from low- and middle-income regions. This study aimed to investigate the influence of vaccination, sociodemographic, and behavioral factors on the prevalence of high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) infection in young Brazilian women.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ouro Preto and Mariana, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Participants completed structured interviews to collect sociodemographic and behavioral information, followed by cervical sampling for molecular detection of hr-HPV using a commercial quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay and cytological analysis (Pap smear). The prevalence of hr-HPV infection was estimated. A multivariate Poisson regression model was used to identify factors associated with infection, and prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated.</p> Results <p>A total of 615 women aged 18 to 25 years were included. The overall prevalence of hr-HPV infection was 48.8%, with 46.5% for non-16/18 HPV types and 4.0% for HPV types 16/18. Vaccination coverage was 41.3%. Quadrivalent HPV vaccination (4vHPV) was a protective factor against HPV types 16 and 18 (PR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1–0.8). A higher lifetime number of sexual partners (PR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1–2.1 / PR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3–2.6) and a history of sexually transmitted infections (PR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1–2.2) were associated with increased prevalence of non-16/18 HPV types. Conversely, older age was associated with a lower prevalence of non-16/18 HPV types (PR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.8–0.9), while the number of sexual partners (PR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.0–1.1) and a history of genital warts (PR: 6.9; 95% CI: 2.4–20.2) were associated with infection by HPV types 16/18.</p> Conclusion <p>Vaccination reduced the prevalence of infections caused by HPV types 16 and 18, highlighting the importance of expanding vaccine coverage. The occurrence of other STIs, younger age, and a higher number of sexual partners were also associated with increased infection rates, reinforcing the need for integrated educational and preventive strategies targeted at sexually active young women.</p>

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Impact of vaccination, sociodemographic and behavioral factors on the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection in young women: a cross-sectional study in Minas Gerais, Brazil

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月30日

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  • Glauciane Resende do Nascimento,
  • Ana Carolina da Silva Santos,
  • Nayara Nascimento Toledo Silva,
  • Cláudia Martins Carneiro,
  • Alice Souza Maia,
  • Larissa Cristine de Sousa Melo,
  • Isadora Oliveira Ansaloni Pereira,
  • Glenda Nicioli da Silva,
  • Mariângela Carneiro,
  • Rafael Vieira-Duarte,
  • Angélica Alves Lima,
  • Wendel Coura-Vital

摘要

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide and the leading etiological factor for cervical cancer (CC). Since 2006, vaccination programs have been implemented. However, the sociodemographic and behavioral factors influencing infection rates after vaccine introduction remain poorly understood, particularly among young women from low- and middle-income regions. This study aimed to investigate the influence of vaccination, sociodemographic, and behavioral factors on the prevalence of high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) infection in young Brazilian women.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ouro Preto and Mariana, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Participants completed structured interviews to collect sociodemographic and behavioral information, followed by cervical sampling for molecular detection of hr-HPV using a commercial quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay and cytological analysis (Pap smear). The prevalence of hr-HPV infection was estimated. A multivariate Poisson regression model was used to identify factors associated with infection, and prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated.

Results

A total of 615 women aged 18 to 25 years were included. The overall prevalence of hr-HPV infection was 48.8%, with 46.5% for non-16/18 HPV types and 4.0% for HPV types 16/18. Vaccination coverage was 41.3%. Quadrivalent HPV vaccination (4vHPV) was a protective factor against HPV types 16 and 18 (PR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1–0.8). A higher lifetime number of sexual partners (PR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1–2.1 / PR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3–2.6) and a history of sexually transmitted infections (PR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1–2.2) were associated with increased prevalence of non-16/18 HPV types. Conversely, older age was associated with a lower prevalence of non-16/18 HPV types (PR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.8–0.9), while the number of sexual partners (PR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.0–1.1) and a history of genital warts (PR: 6.9; 95% CI: 2.4–20.2) were associated with infection by HPV types 16/18.

Conclusion

Vaccination reduced the prevalence of infections caused by HPV types 16 and 18, highlighting the importance of expanding vaccine coverage. The occurrence of other STIs, younger age, and a higher number of sexual partners were also associated with increased infection rates, reinforcing the need for integrated educational and preventive strategies targeted at sexually active young women.