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<p>Self-rated health (SRH) is a significant public health concern among informal workers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), yet limited research has explored the psychological mechanisms underlying its association with work-related stress (WRS). This study investigated the serial mediating roles of anxiety and depression in the relationship between WRS and poor SRH among small-scale miners in Ghana. We analyzed data from 664 miners (mean age = 28.8, SD = 8.2; 84.3% male) using validated measures: the 4-item Job Content Questionnaire for WRS, the MOS SF-36 for SRH, the PHQ-9 for depression, and the GAD-7 for anxiety. All scales demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.75–0.83). We applied bootstrapping techniques using Hayes’ PROCESS macro to test the hypothesized serial mediation model. WRS was significantly associated with poor SRH (B = 0.771, 95%CI 0.575, 0.967). Importantly, WRS indirectly predicted SRH through three significant mediating pathways. Anxiety accounted for 35.41% (B = 0.273, 95% CI 0.189, 0.357) and depression for 11.67% (B = 0.090, 95% CI 0.036, 0.160), and the combined anxiety-depression pathway for 12.06% (B = 0.093, 95% CI 0.041, 0.155) of the total effect. The overall mediating effect was 59.14%. These findings indicate that the link between WRS and poor health is both directly and serially mediated by mental health challenges. Interventions aimed at improving health outcomes in informal mining contexts should prioritize strategies that address both anxiety and depressive symptoms.</p>

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Association between work-related stress and self-rated health among artisanal and small-scale miners in Ghana: a two-way serial mediation analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月3日

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  • Emmanuel Nyaaba,
  • Pius W. Kudeto,
  • Thomas A. Awine,
  • Philip Kwarteng,
  • Gadafi Aliu,
  • Kabila Abass,
  • Razak M. Gyasi

摘要

Self-rated health (SRH) is a significant public health concern among informal workers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), yet limited research has explored the psychological mechanisms underlying its association with work-related stress (WRS). This study investigated the serial mediating roles of anxiety and depression in the relationship between WRS and poor SRH among small-scale miners in Ghana. We analyzed data from 664 miners (mean age = 28.8, SD = 8.2; 84.3% male) using validated measures: the 4-item Job Content Questionnaire for WRS, the MOS SF-36 for SRH, the PHQ-9 for depression, and the GAD-7 for anxiety. All scales demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.75–0.83). We applied bootstrapping techniques using Hayes’ PROCESS macro to test the hypothesized serial mediation model. WRS was significantly associated with poor SRH (B = 0.771, 95%CI 0.575, 0.967). Importantly, WRS indirectly predicted SRH through three significant mediating pathways. Anxiety accounted for 35.41% (B = 0.273, 95% CI 0.189, 0.357) and depression for 11.67% (B = 0.090, 95% CI 0.036, 0.160), and the combined anxiety-depression pathway for 12.06% (B = 0.093, 95% CI 0.041, 0.155) of the total effect. The overall mediating effect was 59.14%. These findings indicate that the link between WRS and poor health is both directly and serially mediated by mental health challenges. Interventions aimed at improving health outcomes in informal mining contexts should prioritize strategies that address both anxiety and depressive symptoms.