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Background <p>An estimated 18% of men living with HIV do not know their status compared to 12% of women. Yet, men constitute the key population with lower testing rates than women. This study investigated HIV Testing Uptake and its associated factors among Ghanaian men using the Anderson Behavioral Model.</p> Methods <p>This study analyzed data from the 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey using Stata version 17. Both bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed, with the results of the multivariable analysis reported as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05.</p> Results <p>We found out that 26.9% [CI 25.3–28.6<b>]</b> of Ghanaian men had ever tested for HIV. HIV testing was associated with predisposing and enabling factors. Men aged 45–49&#xa0;years had higher odds of testing than those aged 15–19&#xa0;years (aOR = 9.34, 95% CI 5.15–16.91), with&#xa0;the testing likelihood increasing with education (highest for higher education: aOR = 8.25, 95% CI 5.70–11.95). Christians were 62% more likely to test compared to those with no religion (aOR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.12–2.61). Risky sexual behavior (aOR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.05–1.62) and regional differences (Upper East: aOR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.26–3.48) also influenced testing. Enabling factors included NHIS coverage (aOR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.24–1.85), wealth (richest vs. poorest: aOR = 3.60, 95% CI 2.36–5.48), and media exposure, such as regular newspaper reading (aOR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.24–1.85) and radio listening (aOR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.33–2.14).</p> Conclusion <p>The results of this study reveal a significantly lowlevel of HIV testing among Ghanaian men, particularly among those who are younger, not covered by the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), or exhibit lower risky sexual behaviour. While these findings highlight the need for improved HIV testing levels, targeted interventions such as media campaigns through radio and television are recommended to raise awareness and encourage more men, particularly in the identified groups, to engage in HIV testing.</p>

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HIV testing uptake and its associated factors among Ghanaian men: insights from the 2022 Ghana demographic and health survey using the Anderson behavioral model

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月28日

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  • Timothy Yao Akweh,
  • Bright Atta Junior Boakye,
  • Eunice Adoku,
  • Felix Teyko,
  • Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang

摘要

Background

An estimated 18% of men living with HIV do not know their status compared to 12% of women. Yet, men constitute the key population with lower testing rates than women. This study investigated HIV Testing Uptake and its associated factors among Ghanaian men using the Anderson Behavioral Model.

Methods

This study analyzed data from the 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey using Stata version 17. Both bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed, with the results of the multivariable analysis reported as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

We found out that 26.9% [CI 25.3–28.6] of Ghanaian men had ever tested for HIV. HIV testing was associated with predisposing and enabling factors. Men aged 45–49 years had higher odds of testing than those aged 15–19 years (aOR = 9.34, 95% CI 5.15–16.91), with the testing likelihood increasing with education (highest for higher education: aOR = 8.25, 95% CI 5.70–11.95). Christians were 62% more likely to test compared to those with no religion (aOR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.12–2.61). Risky sexual behavior (aOR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.05–1.62) and regional differences (Upper East: aOR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.26–3.48) also influenced testing. Enabling factors included NHIS coverage (aOR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.24–1.85), wealth (richest vs. poorest: aOR = 3.60, 95% CI 2.36–5.48), and media exposure, such as regular newspaper reading (aOR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.24–1.85) and radio listening (aOR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.33–2.14).

Conclusion

The results of this study reveal a significantly lowlevel of HIV testing among Ghanaian men, particularly among those who are younger, not covered by the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), or exhibit lower risky sexual behaviour. While these findings highlight the need for improved HIV testing levels, targeted interventions such as media campaigns through radio and television are recommended to raise awareness and encourage more men, particularly in the identified groups, to engage in HIV testing.