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<p>False-positive HIV antigen/antibody screening disrupts medical care and has psychological implications for misdiagnosed patients. From 2018 to 2023, our emergency-department screened 102,369 patients for HIV. Among 698 reactive antigen/antibody screens, 582 (83.4%) were confirmed true positives and 116 (16.6%) were false-positive, defined as a reactive antigen/antibody test with an undetectable viral load. Among a series of 13 patients with false-positive results, we evaluated clinical characteristics and conducted repeat testing. False reactivity resolved in 10 (77%) cases while 3 (23%) cases were persistently discordant. False positivity was seen during immune activation states including acute non-HIV infection, autoimmune disease, hematologic conditions, and liver disease.</p>

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Brief communication: observations of falsely reactive antigen/antibody HIV screening results in an emergency department setting

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Heather Hare,
  • Emily Holbrook,
  • Megan Sarmento,
  • Rebecca Haber,
  • Heather Henderson,
  • Bernice McCoy,
  • Samantha Reale,
  • Angela Lauster,
  • Jason Wilson

摘要

False-positive HIV antigen/antibody screening disrupts medical care and has psychological implications for misdiagnosed patients. From 2018 to 2023, our emergency-department screened 102,369 patients for HIV. Among 698 reactive antigen/antibody screens, 582 (83.4%) were confirmed true positives and 116 (16.6%) were false-positive, defined as a reactive antigen/antibody test with an undetectable viral load. Among a series of 13 patients with false-positive results, we evaluated clinical characteristics and conducted repeat testing. False reactivity resolved in 10 (77%) cases while 3 (23%) cases were persistently discordant. False positivity was seen during immune activation states including acute non-HIV infection, autoimmune disease, hematologic conditions, and liver disease.