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<p>Neuroinflammation stands as a cornerstone pathological hallmark across a spectrum of neurological disorders, drawing intensified scientific scrutiny owing to its profoundly intricate and multi-layered regulatory networks. At the heart of this complexity, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) emerge as masterful post-transcriptional orchestrators, exerting precise control over a vast array of neuroinflammatory cascades. Mounting evidence underscores that RBPs transcend their classical roles in RNA sensing and innate immune recognition, actively shaping pivotal biological pathways—ranging from inflammatory signal transduction and programmed cell death to metabolic reprogramming, epigenetic remodeling and dynamic crosstalk with non-coding RNAs. Furthermore, the functional versatility of RBPs is amplified by nuanced alterations in their nucleocytoplasmic trafficking, stress granule formation, post-translational modifications, and RNA-binding specificities, all of which intricately fine-tune their regulatory impact within the neuroinflammatory milieu. Strikingly, the cell type-specific actions of RBPs in neurons, microglia, and astrocytes unveil a sophisticated tapestry of molecular specialization, offering transformative insights into their context-dependent functions. Abnormal function of RNA-binding proteins is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. In addition, RNA-binding proteins are involved in various pathological processes, including central nervous system infections, stroke, high-altitude cerebral hypoxia, and traumatic brain injury. This review systematically organizes the multifaceted regulatory mechanisms of RNA-binding proteins in neuroinflammation. It deeply explores their key roles in the occurrence and development of nervous system diseases. The review aims to construct a comprehensive theoretical framework and provide a scientific basis for developing new diagnostic methods and targeted therapeutic strategies.</p>

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RNA-binding proteins: a comprehensive review of multifaceted regulatory mechanisms in neuroinflammation and implications in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月15日

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  • Mingze Zheng,
  • Ming Li,
  • Shuyu Liu,
  • Ruili Guan,
  • Xinqin Liu

摘要

Neuroinflammation stands as a cornerstone pathological hallmark across a spectrum of neurological disorders, drawing intensified scientific scrutiny owing to its profoundly intricate and multi-layered regulatory networks. At the heart of this complexity, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) emerge as masterful post-transcriptional orchestrators, exerting precise control over a vast array of neuroinflammatory cascades. Mounting evidence underscores that RBPs transcend their classical roles in RNA sensing and innate immune recognition, actively shaping pivotal biological pathways—ranging from inflammatory signal transduction and programmed cell death to metabolic reprogramming, epigenetic remodeling and dynamic crosstalk with non-coding RNAs. Furthermore, the functional versatility of RBPs is amplified by nuanced alterations in their nucleocytoplasmic trafficking, stress granule formation, post-translational modifications, and RNA-binding specificities, all of which intricately fine-tune their regulatory impact within the neuroinflammatory milieu. Strikingly, the cell type-specific actions of RBPs in neurons, microglia, and astrocytes unveil a sophisticated tapestry of molecular specialization, offering transformative insights into their context-dependent functions. Abnormal function of RNA-binding proteins is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. In addition, RNA-binding proteins are involved in various pathological processes, including central nervous system infections, stroke, high-altitude cerebral hypoxia, and traumatic brain injury. This review systematically organizes the multifaceted regulatory mechanisms of RNA-binding proteins in neuroinflammation. It deeply explores their key roles in the occurrence and development of nervous system diseases. The review aims to construct a comprehensive theoretical framework and provide a scientific basis for developing new diagnostic methods and targeted therapeutic strategies.