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Background <p>Despite continuous development of antiseizure medications (ASMs), global seizure control rates remain unsatisfactory, highlighting the urgent need for novel ASMs targeting distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation represents an emerging strategy to simultaneously attenuate seizures and associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Therefore, this study investigates whether JC124, a novel NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, exerts neuroprotective effects in kainic acid (KA)-induced epileptic mice and in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons&#xa0;stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP).</p> Methods <p>Summary-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) was used to analyze the association between <i>NLRP3</i> alleles and epilepsy susceptibility. <i>NLRP3</i> knockout mice were generated, and then epileptic mice induced by intrahippocampal KA injection were administered JC124 (50&#xa0;mg/kg, intraperitoneal) once daily for 28&#xa0;days. The spontaneous recurrent seizures, hippocampal local field potential, depressive-like behavior, cognitive dysfunction, and locomotor ability of mice were evaluated. The brain tissues of the mice were collected for Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence labeling, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, transmission electron microscopy, and morphological staining. The binding capacity of JC124 to the human NLRP3 protein was assessed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. hiPSC-derived neurons were used to explore the neuroprotective effects of JC124 against inflammatory injury in human neurons.</p> Results <p>In this study, a positive correlation was identified between the expression of the <i>NLRP3</i> gene and the susceptibility to epilepsy through SMR analysis. JC124 intervention markedly inhibited seizures and improved depressive-like behavior and cognitive dysfunction. It also reduced hippocampal neuronal loss, neuronal pyroptosis, microgliosis, and astrogliosis. Importantly, the neuroprotective effects of JC124 in KA-induced epileptic mice were mediated through the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. JC124 inhibited neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in KA-treated <i>NLRP3</i> wild-type mice, but not in KA-treated <i>NLRP3</i> knockout mice. Furthermore, JC124 bound directly to the human NLRP3 protein and alleviated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in hiPSC-derived neurons stimulated by LPS and ATP.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings indicate that inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome with JC124 represents a potentially safe and innovative therapeutic strategy to mitigate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in epilepsy and to alleviate seizures and associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities.</p> Graphical Abstract <p>Schematic illustration of the mechanisms by which JC124 exerts neuroprotective effects in epilepsy</p> <p></p>

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JC124 confers multimodal neuroprotection in epilepsy by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation: evidence from animal and human neuronal models

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月8日

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  • Peng Zhang,
  • Zhipeng Li,
  • Minxue Liang,
  • Jinxian Yuan,
  • Jinyu Zhou,
  • Jie Zhang,
  • Jing Deng,
  • Yalan Chen,
  • Hao Tang,
  • Chengjie Xu,
  • Chenjun Shi,
  • Limin Ma,
  • Qiankun Liu,
  • Yong Liu,
  • Yangmei Chen,
  • Hui Zhang

摘要

Background

Despite continuous development of antiseizure medications (ASMs), global seizure control rates remain unsatisfactory, highlighting the urgent need for novel ASMs targeting distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation represents an emerging strategy to simultaneously attenuate seizures and associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Therefore, this study investigates whether JC124, a novel NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, exerts neuroprotective effects in kainic acid (KA)-induced epileptic mice and in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Methods

Summary-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) was used to analyze the association between NLRP3 alleles and epilepsy susceptibility. NLRP3 knockout mice were generated, and then epileptic mice induced by intrahippocampal KA injection were administered JC124 (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) once daily for 28 days. The spontaneous recurrent seizures, hippocampal local field potential, depressive-like behavior, cognitive dysfunction, and locomotor ability of mice were evaluated. The brain tissues of the mice were collected for Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence labeling, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, transmission electron microscopy, and morphological staining. The binding capacity of JC124 to the human NLRP3 protein was assessed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. hiPSC-derived neurons were used to explore the neuroprotective effects of JC124 against inflammatory injury in human neurons.

Results

In this study, a positive correlation was identified between the expression of the NLRP3 gene and the susceptibility to epilepsy through SMR analysis. JC124 intervention markedly inhibited seizures and improved depressive-like behavior and cognitive dysfunction. It also reduced hippocampal neuronal loss, neuronal pyroptosis, microgliosis, and astrogliosis. Importantly, the neuroprotective effects of JC124 in KA-induced epileptic mice were mediated through the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. JC124 inhibited neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in KA-treated NLRP3 wild-type mice, but not in KA-treated NLRP3 knockout mice. Furthermore, JC124 bound directly to the human NLRP3 protein and alleviated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in hiPSC-derived neurons stimulated by LPS and ATP.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome with JC124 represents a potentially safe and innovative therapeutic strategy to mitigate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in epilepsy and to alleviate seizures and associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities.

Graphical Abstract

Schematic illustration of the mechanisms by which JC124 exerts neuroprotective effects in epilepsy