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Background <p>We investigated the impact of natural cycle/modified natural cycle and artificial cycle in oocyte donation pregnancies on obstetric/neonatal outcomes and placental angiogenic biomarkers.</p> Methods <p>A total number of 201 singleton live births resulted from in vitro fertilization with oocyte donation were enrolled: <i>n</i> = 70 after natural cycle/modified natural cycle endometrial preparation and <i>n</i> = 131 after artificial cycle endometrial preparation. Moreover, 35 placental biopsies were collected: <i>n</i> = 12 after natural cycle/modified natural cycle endometrial preparation, <i>n</i> = 23 after artificial cycle endometrial preparation. Finally, 24 placentae from women with a spontaneous, healthy singleton pregnancy at term, who showed no signs of maternal, placental or fetal disease were used as control.</p> Results <p>We reported a lower incidence of both hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (7.1% Vs 18.3%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), including preeclampsia, and placental previa (0 Vs 6.1%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in natural/modified natural cycles compared to artificial cycle. Furthermore, better neonatal outcomes, at least in terms of low birth weight (5.7% Vs 20.9%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and intensive care unit admission (2.9% Vs 15.6%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), were observed. From a molecular point of view, a significant gene over-expression of pro-angiogenic placental growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor were obtained in natural cycles. Conversely, anti-angiogenic Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase- 1 levels were increased in artificial cycle group placentae compared to natural/modified natural cycle and controls.</p> Conclusions <p>Natural/modified cycles should be promoted as preferential approach for endometrial preparation in oocyte donation pregnancies, at least when regular (or inducible) ovulatory cycles are present.</p>

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The type of endometrial preparation for embryo transfer after egg donation affects obstetric outcomes and the expression of placental angiogenic biomarkers

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • Andrea Roberto Carosso,
  • Alessandro Rolfo,
  • Valeria Maria Savasi,
  • Enrico Papaleo,
  • Laura Moretti,
  • Anna Maria Nuzzo,
  • Marco Carosso,
  • Gianvito Contangelo,
  • Ilaria Stura,
  • Maria Elena Iacovazzi,
  • Alberto Revelli,
  • Gianluca Gennarelli

摘要

Background

We investigated the impact of natural cycle/modified natural cycle and artificial cycle in oocyte donation pregnancies on obstetric/neonatal outcomes and placental angiogenic biomarkers.

Methods

A total number of 201 singleton live births resulted from in vitro fertilization with oocyte donation were enrolled: n = 70 after natural cycle/modified natural cycle endometrial preparation and n = 131 after artificial cycle endometrial preparation. Moreover, 35 placental biopsies were collected: n = 12 after natural cycle/modified natural cycle endometrial preparation, n = 23 after artificial cycle endometrial preparation. Finally, 24 placentae from women with a spontaneous, healthy singleton pregnancy at term, who showed no signs of maternal, placental or fetal disease were used as control.

Results

We reported a lower incidence of both hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (7.1% Vs 18.3%, p < 0.05), including preeclampsia, and placental previa (0 Vs 6.1%, p < 0.05) in natural/modified natural cycles compared to artificial cycle. Furthermore, better neonatal outcomes, at least in terms of low birth weight (5.7% Vs 20.9%, p < 0.05) and intensive care unit admission (2.9% Vs 15.6%, p < 0.05), were observed. From a molecular point of view, a significant gene over-expression of pro-angiogenic placental growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor were obtained in natural cycles. Conversely, anti-angiogenic Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase- 1 levels were increased in artificial cycle group placentae compared to natural/modified natural cycle and controls.

Conclusions

Natural/modified cycles should be promoted as preferential approach for endometrial preparation in oocyte donation pregnancies, at least when regular (or inducible) ovulatory cycles are present.