Background <p>The objective of this study was to identify naloxone distribution resources, as well as to evaluate potential differences in naloxone distribution by demographic population utilizing a naloxone distribution score.</p> Methods <p>We utilized a cross-sectional online survey of potential no-cost naloxone distributors in North Carolina (NC) to identify their program type, where programs distribute no-cost naloxone, and to whom no-cost naloxone distribution was distributed in 2023. This information was utilized to create a naloxone distribution measure at the ZIP code level.</p> Results <p>A total of 241 survey responses for programs were identified as distributors of no-cost naloxone to community members in NC. At least one no-cost naloxone distributor served all demographic populations in over 92% of NC ZIP codes. The Non-Hispanic (NH) White group had the highest mean naloxone distribution score of 30.2 (SD = 8.9) across all ZIP codes, suggesting greater distribution to this demographic. After adjusting for the size of the race/ethnicity population in GEE models, all minority race/ethnicity groups had significantly lower naloxone distribution than the NH White group.</p> Conclusions <p>The naloxone distribution score calculated suggests NH White populations may be served by no-cost naloxone distributors more frequently when compared to other populations.</p>

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Evaluating demographic variation in no-cost naloxone distribution in North Carolina: a cross-sectional survey study

  • Grace Marley,
  • Caroline Shubel,
  • Izabela E. Annis,
  • Paul L. Delamater,
  • Carolyn T. Thorpe,
  • Bhoomi Parikh,
  • Bayla Ostrach,
  • Delesha Carpenter

摘要

Background

The objective of this study was to identify naloxone distribution resources, as well as to evaluate potential differences in naloxone distribution by demographic population utilizing a naloxone distribution score.

Methods

We utilized a cross-sectional online survey of potential no-cost naloxone distributors in North Carolina (NC) to identify their program type, where programs distribute no-cost naloxone, and to whom no-cost naloxone distribution was distributed in 2023. This information was utilized to create a naloxone distribution measure at the ZIP code level.

Results

A total of 241 survey responses for programs were identified as distributors of no-cost naloxone to community members in NC. At least one no-cost naloxone distributor served all demographic populations in over 92% of NC ZIP codes. The Non-Hispanic (NH) White group had the highest mean naloxone distribution score of 30.2 (SD = 8.9) across all ZIP codes, suggesting greater distribution to this demographic. After adjusting for the size of the race/ethnicity population in GEE models, all minority race/ethnicity groups had significantly lower naloxone distribution than the NH White group.

Conclusions

The naloxone distribution score calculated suggests NH White populations may be served by no-cost naloxone distributors more frequently when compared to other populations.