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<p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of infectious death globally, creating an urgent need for rapid and non-invasive diagnostics. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising carriers of disease-specific microRNAs with biomarker potential. This study identifies EV-miR-107 as a candidate host-response biomarker for TB, showing significant upregulation in TB patient plasma and a murine BCG infection model. To utilize this finding, an in-situ detection platform named CLiAN (CHA@Lipo@Aptamer Nanosensor) is developed. It utilizes cationic liposomes functionalized with CD63-specific aptamers and encapsulating catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) probes to enable targeted EV fusion, facilitating efficient EV miRNA profiling within two hours. Clinically, CLiAN detects EV-miR-107 with 95.2% sensitivity (AUC = 0.87), outperforming sputum culture (36.4%) and Xpert MTB/RIF (54.5%). It also reliably monitors treatment response via dynamic changes in plasma EV-miR-107 levels (<i>p</i> = 0.001), correlating with clinical outcomes. This work establishes an integrated framework for TB management—from biomarker discovery to diagnostics and treatment monitoring—paving the way for improved point-of-care TB control.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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A novel nanosensor for in situ detection of EV-miR-107 enables noninvasive tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment monitoring

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月18日

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  • Yuan Wu,
  • Shihua Luo,
  • jin Gu,
  • Wei Xu,
  • Min Yang,
  • Jiayu Zhou,
  • Xiaosai Ma,
  • Chonghai Qiu,
  • Muru Xu,
  • Guixian Huang,
  • Liying Zhu,
  • Xunjia Cheng,
  • Hongbo Shen,
  • Qiliang Cai,
  • Feifei Wang

摘要

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of infectious death globally, creating an urgent need for rapid and non-invasive diagnostics. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising carriers of disease-specific microRNAs with biomarker potential. This study identifies EV-miR-107 as a candidate host-response biomarker for TB, showing significant upregulation in TB patient plasma and a murine BCG infection model. To utilize this finding, an in-situ detection platform named CLiAN (CHA@Lipo@Aptamer Nanosensor) is developed. It utilizes cationic liposomes functionalized with CD63-specific aptamers and encapsulating catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) probes to enable targeted EV fusion, facilitating efficient EV miRNA profiling within two hours. Clinically, CLiAN detects EV-miR-107 with 95.2% sensitivity (AUC = 0.87), outperforming sputum culture (36.4%) and Xpert MTB/RIF (54.5%). It also reliably monitors treatment response via dynamic changes in plasma EV-miR-107 levels (p = 0.001), correlating with clinical outcomes. This work establishes an integrated framework for TB management—from biomarker discovery to diagnostics and treatment monitoring—paving the way for improved point-of-care TB control.

Graphical abstract