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<p>Traditional vaccines targeting porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) have several limitations, such as low antigen delivery efficiency and inadequate immunogenicity. To address these challenges, this study developed a bionic nanocarrier (Fe₃O₄@MnSiO₃) that synergistically integrates antigen enrichment and immune stimulation functions. Inspired by the hierarchical structure of sunflower pollen, the design constructs composite particles featuring a superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄ core and a mesoporous MnSiO₃ shell, allowing efficient loading and delivery of the PCV2 Cap protein. Owing to its sophisticated biomimetic architecture, the Fe₃O₄@MnSiO₃ particles exhibit a uniform size, porous structure, and excellent biocompatibility. The Fe₃O₄ core facilitates rapid antigen separation and enrichment, while the porous MnSiO₃ shell provides high antigen loading capacity. This composite structure is efficiently internalized by antigen-presenting cells, enabling controlled antigen release within the intracellular microenvironment. Fe₃O₄@MnSiO₃ exhibits outstanding biocompatibility and release performance in vivo, effectively activating immune responses and enhancing immune stimulation through Mn²⁺ release. In vitro and in vivo studies confirm the superior antigen delivery efficiency and immune activation capacity of this nanocarrier system. Collectively, these properties indicate that the engineered Fe₃O₄@MnSiO₃ multifunctional nanocarrier system functions as an effective vehicle for antigen enrichment and delivery, representing a promising therapeutic strategy for control of PCV2 and related diseases.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Pollen-inspired multifunctional nanocarrier for porcine circovirus 2 vaccine delivery

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月19日

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  • Yanling Zhuo,
  • Guiying Wu,
  • Yuanyi Yang,
  • Shuang Li,
  • Yan Wang,
  • Xinyu Huang,
  • Wanping Wu,
  • Qizhuang Lv,
  • Yulong He,
  • Lei Yang

摘要

Traditional vaccines targeting porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) have several limitations, such as low antigen delivery efficiency and inadequate immunogenicity. To address these challenges, this study developed a bionic nanocarrier (Fe₃O₄@MnSiO₃) that synergistically integrates antigen enrichment and immune stimulation functions. Inspired by the hierarchical structure of sunflower pollen, the design constructs composite particles featuring a superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄ core and a mesoporous MnSiO₃ shell, allowing efficient loading and delivery of the PCV2 Cap protein. Owing to its sophisticated biomimetic architecture, the Fe₃O₄@MnSiO₃ particles exhibit a uniform size, porous structure, and excellent biocompatibility. The Fe₃O₄ core facilitates rapid antigen separation and enrichment, while the porous MnSiO₃ shell provides high antigen loading capacity. This composite structure is efficiently internalized by antigen-presenting cells, enabling controlled antigen release within the intracellular microenvironment. Fe₃O₄@MnSiO₃ exhibits outstanding biocompatibility and release performance in vivo, effectively activating immune responses and enhancing immune stimulation through Mn²⁺ release. In vitro and in vivo studies confirm the superior antigen delivery efficiency and immune activation capacity of this nanocarrier system. Collectively, these properties indicate that the engineered Fe₃O₄@MnSiO₃ multifunctional nanocarrier system functions as an effective vehicle for antigen enrichment and delivery, representing a promising therapeutic strategy for control of PCV2 and related diseases.

Graphical Abstract