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Background <p>Conventional pesticide formulations often exhibit poor utilization efficiency, rapid photodegradation, and ecological persistence, which severely limit their field efficacy. Herein, we report a dual pH/light stimuli-responsive delivery system based on magnesium-doped zirconium-porphyrin metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the targeted control of rice sheath blight (<i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>).</p> Results <p>The trifluoroacetic acid-mediated synthesis yielded uniform PCN-222 nanoparticles (⁓140&#xa0;nm), while subsequent Mg<sup>2+</sup> doping and polydopamine-assisted prochloraz (Pro) encapsulation produced functional PCN-222(Mg)@Pro@PDA architectures with high loading capacity (21.08%) and mesoporous structure. Mg-N coordination modulated the porphyrinic electronic configuration, facilitating charge separation and enhancing light-driven reactive oxygen species generation. The formulation exhibited first-order release kinetics, with accelerated liberation (74.1% after 24&#xa0;h) under acidic microenvironments (pH 5.0). Compared to the commercial Pro-EC, the nanoformulation achieved a 23% reduction in leaf contact angle, approximately 3.1-fold improvement in rainfastness, and 38.5% lower EC₅₀ against <i>R. solani</i>. Biosafety evaluations revealed higher zebrafish LC₅₀ (4.08&#xa0;mg L⁻¹) and &gt; 95% rice germination, confirming reduced ecotoxicity and phytotoxicity.</p> Conclusions <p>This study presents a sustainable nano-agrochemical strategy that integrates precise pathogen control with environmental protection, offering a promising direction for the next generation of intelligent pesticide delivery systems.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Magnesium-doped Zr-porphyrin MOF nanoarchitecture with pH/photo dual stimuli-responsiveness for targeted pesticides and improved biosafety

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月7日

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  • Hongwei Li,
  • Yang Gao,
  • Xiquan Ding,
  • Ze Lv,
  • Yu Fang,
  • Zheng Zhang,
  • Teng Wu,
  • Yingjian Ma,
  • Xinyu Guo,
  • Rui Zhao,
  • Meng Yu,
  • Yong Xu,
  • Xuemin Wu

摘要

Background

Conventional pesticide formulations often exhibit poor utilization efficiency, rapid photodegradation, and ecological persistence, which severely limit their field efficacy. Herein, we report a dual pH/light stimuli-responsive delivery system based on magnesium-doped zirconium-porphyrin metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the targeted control of rice sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani).

Results

The trifluoroacetic acid-mediated synthesis yielded uniform PCN-222 nanoparticles (⁓140 nm), while subsequent Mg2+ doping and polydopamine-assisted prochloraz (Pro) encapsulation produced functional PCN-222(Mg)@Pro@PDA architectures with high loading capacity (21.08%) and mesoporous structure. Mg-N coordination modulated the porphyrinic electronic configuration, facilitating charge separation and enhancing light-driven reactive oxygen species generation. The formulation exhibited first-order release kinetics, with accelerated liberation (74.1% after 24 h) under acidic microenvironments (pH 5.0). Compared to the commercial Pro-EC, the nanoformulation achieved a 23% reduction in leaf contact angle, approximately 3.1-fold improvement in rainfastness, and 38.5% lower EC₅₀ against R. solani. Biosafety evaluations revealed higher zebrafish LC₅₀ (4.08 mg L⁻¹) and > 95% rice germination, confirming reduced ecotoxicity and phytotoxicity.

Conclusions

This study presents a sustainable nano-agrochemical strategy that integrates precise pathogen control with environmental protection, offering a promising direction for the next generation of intelligent pesticide delivery systems.

Graphical abstract