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Background <p>Non-healing chronic wounds with high susceptibility to infection represent a critical challenge in modern healthcare. While growth factors play a pivotal role in regulating chronic wound repair, their therapeutic efficacy is compromised in infected microenvironments. Current wound dressings inadequately address the dual demands of sustained bioactive molecule delivery and robust antimicrobial activity.</p> Results <p>In this study, we developed a sodium alginate hydrogel (termed P-SA/Ins), which incorporated polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) grafting and long-acting glargine insulin loading. P-SA/Ins exhibited the favorable physicochemical performance, biocompatibility and antibacterial efficacy against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens through inhibition of bacterial proliferation and biofilm formation. Glargine insulin was applied to prolonged insulin delivery. P-SA/Ins treatment attenuated <i>S. aureus</i> induced pro-inflammatory cytokine cascades in macrophages. The evaluation in vivo using a rat model with <i>S. aureus</i> infected wound demonstrated that P-SA/Ins significantly enhanced wound healing and optimized skin barrier through antimicrobial-mediated modulation of macrophage polarization and subsequent inflammatory cytokine profiling.</p> Conclusions <p>Our findings demonstrate that P-SA/Ins promotes wound healing and restores epidermal barrier integrity, indicating its potential as a therapeutic dressing for chronic wound healing, particularly in cases with infection risk.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Insulin/PHMB-grafted sodium alginate hydrogels improve infected wound healing by antibacterial-prompted macrophage inflammatory regulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月3日

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  • Dan Liu,
  • Tianyi Yu,
  • Shan Ma,
  • Lefeng Su,
  • Shan Zhong,
  • Wenao Wang,
  • Yang Liu,
  • Jia-ao Yu,
  • Min Gao,
  • Yunsheng Chen,
  • He Xu,
  • Yan Liu

摘要

Background

Non-healing chronic wounds with high susceptibility to infection represent a critical challenge in modern healthcare. While growth factors play a pivotal role in regulating chronic wound repair, their therapeutic efficacy is compromised in infected microenvironments. Current wound dressings inadequately address the dual demands of sustained bioactive molecule delivery and robust antimicrobial activity.

Results

In this study, we developed a sodium alginate hydrogel (termed P-SA/Ins), which incorporated polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) grafting and long-acting glargine insulin loading. P-SA/Ins exhibited the favorable physicochemical performance, biocompatibility and antibacterial efficacy against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens through inhibition of bacterial proliferation and biofilm formation. Glargine insulin was applied to prolonged insulin delivery. P-SA/Ins treatment attenuated S. aureus induced pro-inflammatory cytokine cascades in macrophages. The evaluation in vivo using a rat model with S. aureus infected wound demonstrated that P-SA/Ins significantly enhanced wound healing and optimized skin barrier through antimicrobial-mediated modulation of macrophage polarization and subsequent inflammatory cytokine profiling.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that P-SA/Ins promotes wound healing and restores epidermal barrier integrity, indicating its potential as a therapeutic dressing for chronic wound healing, particularly in cases with infection risk.

Graphical abstract