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Purpose <p>To investigate the association between yearly attained adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and trajectories of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C ratio, as well as the risk of clinically relevant dyslipidemias, in adults aged 60–80 at high cardiovascular risk.</p> Methods <p>In 4,954 participants (68.1 ± 5.5 years, 62% women, median follow-up: 4 years) from the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea trial, trajectories of triglycerides, HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C were compared between participants with high or low cumulative adherence to the MedDiet (≥ 10 vs. &lt;10 points) over time. The association between high MedDiet adherence and the risk of five dyslipidemias (triglycerides ≥ 150 or ≥ 200&#xa0;mg/dL; low HDL-C; LDL-C ≥ 130 or ≥ 160&#xa0;mg/dL) was examined using multivariable Cox regressions.</p> Results <p>Compared with low adherence to the MedDiet, high adherence was associated with lower triglycerides (differences in the range: -6 to -12&#xa0;mg/dL), particularly among individuals using triglyceride-lowering medications (-17 to -41&#xa0;mg/dL). High adherence was also associated with higher HDL-C (+ 0.8 to + 2.3&#xa0;mg/dL) and lower LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. High adherence to the MedDiet was associated with a lower risk of all dyslipidemias (range: -21% to -45%). One-point increases in adherence were associated with a 48–91% lower dyslipidemia risk among individuals with low adherence (&lt; 8 points).</p> Conclusion <p>In adults aged 60–80 at high cardiovascular risk, greater long-term adherence to a MedDiet was associated with a better lipid profile and a lower risk of clinically relevant dyslipidemias.</p> Trial registration number <p>ISRCTN35739639 (registration date: Oct 5, 2005).</p>

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Yearly attained adherence to Mediterranean diet, estimated trajectories of lipid profile from 60 to 80 years, and onset of clinical dyslipidemias in older adults at high cardiovascular risk

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • Álvaro Hernáez,
  • Camille Lassale,
  • Viviana Sandoval,
  • Emilio Ros,
  • Emilio Ortega,
  • Xavier Pintó,
  • Olga Castañer,
  • Miguel Ángel Martínez‑González,
  • Dolores Corella,
  • Jordi Salas‑Salvadó,
  • Ramón Estruch,
  • Juan Timiraos,
  • José Lapetra,
  • Miquel Fiol,
  • Enrique Gómez‑Gracia,
  • Lluis Serra‑Majem,
  • Karla Alejandra Pérez-Vega,
  • Estefanía Toledo,
  • José V. Sorlí,
  • Nancy Babio,
  • Montserrat Fitó

摘要

Purpose

To investigate the association between yearly attained adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and trajectories of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C ratio, as well as the risk of clinically relevant dyslipidemias, in adults aged 60–80 at high cardiovascular risk.

Methods

In 4,954 participants (68.1 ± 5.5 years, 62% women, median follow-up: 4 years) from the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea trial, trajectories of triglycerides, HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C were compared between participants with high or low cumulative adherence to the MedDiet (≥ 10 vs. <10 points) over time. The association between high MedDiet adherence and the risk of five dyslipidemias (triglycerides ≥ 150 or ≥ 200 mg/dL; low HDL-C; LDL-C ≥ 130 or ≥ 160 mg/dL) was examined using multivariable Cox regressions.

Results

Compared with low adherence to the MedDiet, high adherence was associated with lower triglycerides (differences in the range: -6 to -12 mg/dL), particularly among individuals using triglyceride-lowering medications (-17 to -41 mg/dL). High adherence was also associated with higher HDL-C (+ 0.8 to + 2.3 mg/dL) and lower LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. High adherence to the MedDiet was associated with a lower risk of all dyslipidemias (range: -21% to -45%). One-point increases in adherence were associated with a 48–91% lower dyslipidemia risk among individuals with low adherence (< 8 points).

Conclusion

In adults aged 60–80 at high cardiovascular risk, greater long-term adherence to a MedDiet was associated with a better lipid profile and a lower risk of clinically relevant dyslipidemias.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN35739639 (registration date: Oct 5, 2005).