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Background <p>Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are replacement flame retardants that have been implicated as metabolic disruptors and linked to birth size across a number of epidemiologic studies. Little is known about how OPEs impact maternal weight and body composition from pregnancy through the postpartum period.</p> Methods <p>We measured OPE metabolites in mid-pregnancy urine samples from participants in a pregnancy cohort study based in Rochester, NY, USA. We calculated total gestational weight gain (GWG) based on clinical records (<i>n</i> = 278) and additionally measured weight retention and body fat percentage through bioelectric impedance at 6 (<i>n</i> = 205) and 12 months postpartum (<i>n</i> = 167). We fitted adjusted linear and logistic regression models examining OPE concentrations in relation to the outcome measures and secondarily, fitted models stratified by earliest pregnancy BMI (&lt; 25&#xa0;kg/m<sup>2</sup> versus ≥ 25&#xa0;kg/m<sup>2</sup>).</p> Results <p>In main models, most associations were null. Several highly prevalent OPEs such as bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP; β: -1.02 lbs 95%CI: -2.00, -0.03) were associated with lower GWG, while detection of other, less prevalent OPEs like BMPP (bis(methylphenyl) phosphate; β: 2.86 lbs, 95%CI: -0.21, 5.94) was associated with greater GWG. In stratified analyses, associations tended to be stronger in women who started pregnancy overweight or obese, including findings that several OPEs were associated with higher fat percentage at 6 and 12 months postpartum. Few associations with postpartum weight retention were observed.</p> Discussion <p>Evidence linking gestational OPE exposure with GWG and body composition in the postpartum was limited and mixed, with the strongest associations observed for BDCPP. In light of the growing literature on OPEs’ impacts on birth size and child outcomes, greater research into maternal metabolic disruption is warranted.</p>

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Organophosphate ester exposure in pregnancy, gestational weight gain, and postpartum body composition in a U.S.-based longitudinal pregnancy cohort

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月19日

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  • Emily S. Barrett,
  • Jonathan Klus,
  • Anushka Pande,
  • Tanzy Love,
  • Sally W. Thurston,
  • Jessica Brunner,
  • Kurunthachalam Kannan,
  • Richard K. Miller,
  • Susan Groth,
  • Thomas G. O’Connor

摘要

Background

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are replacement flame retardants that have been implicated as metabolic disruptors and linked to birth size across a number of epidemiologic studies. Little is known about how OPEs impact maternal weight and body composition from pregnancy through the postpartum period.

Methods

We measured OPE metabolites in mid-pregnancy urine samples from participants in a pregnancy cohort study based in Rochester, NY, USA. We calculated total gestational weight gain (GWG) based on clinical records (n = 278) and additionally measured weight retention and body fat percentage through bioelectric impedance at 6 (n = 205) and 12 months postpartum (n = 167). We fitted adjusted linear and logistic regression models examining OPE concentrations in relation to the outcome measures and secondarily, fitted models stratified by earliest pregnancy BMI (< 25 kg/m2 versus ≥ 25 kg/m2).

Results

In main models, most associations were null. Several highly prevalent OPEs such as bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP; β: -1.02 lbs 95%CI: -2.00, -0.03) were associated with lower GWG, while detection of other, less prevalent OPEs like BMPP (bis(methylphenyl) phosphate; β: 2.86 lbs, 95%CI: -0.21, 5.94) was associated with greater GWG. In stratified analyses, associations tended to be stronger in women who started pregnancy overweight or obese, including findings that several OPEs were associated with higher fat percentage at 6 and 12 months postpartum. Few associations with postpartum weight retention were observed.

Discussion

Evidence linking gestational OPE exposure with GWG and body composition in the postpartum was limited and mixed, with the strongest associations observed for BDCPP. In light of the growing literature on OPEs’ impacts on birth size and child outcomes, greater research into maternal metabolic disruption is warranted.