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Background <p><i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> circumsporozoite surface protein (PfCSP) serves as a prime candidate for malaria vaccine; however, its substantial genetic diversity presents significant challenges in development of universal vaccines. This study investigated the genetic diversity and natural selection of the <i>pfcsp</i> in <i>P. falciparum</i> isolates from Vietnam. Comparative analysis of 836 global <i>pfcsp</i> sequences from different geographical regions was also performed.</p> Methods <p>Blood samples were obtained from individuals infected with <i>P. falciparum</i> in five malaria-endemic provinces in Central Vietnam from 2018 to 2022. The <i>pfcsp</i> gene was amplified, cloned, and sequenced, yielding 95 <i>pfcsp</i> sequences. Nucleotide diversity and natural selection of <i>pfcsp</i> were analysed by programs, such as DnaSP, MEGA6, and STRUCTURE.</p> Results <p>Both the N- and C-terminal non-repeating regions of Vietnam <i>pfcsp</i> showed limited genetic diversities; however, significant polymorphisms such as A98G and a 19-amino acid insertion were observed in the N-terminal region of Vietnam isolates, aligning with trends in global <i>pfcsp</i> populations. The C-terminal region of Vietnam and global <i>pfcsp</i> populations displayed notable polymorphisms, particularly within the Th2R and Th3R regions. The central repeat region demonstrated high polymorphism due to substantial size variations, predominantly influenced by the varying numbers and types of peptide repeat motifs found both in Vietnam and global populations.</p> Conclusion <p>These findings offer critical insights into the genetic composition of the global <i>pfcsp</i> population and provide useful information in designing effective vaccines based on PfCSP.</p>

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Genetic diversity and natural selection of circumsporozoite surface protein in Vietnam Plasmodium falciparum isolates

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月8日

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  • Tuấn Cường Võ,
  • Hương Giang Lê,
  • Jung-Mi Kang,
  • Nguyen Thi Minh Trinh,
  • Chau Van Khanh,
  • Minkyoung Cho,
  • Huynh Hong Quang,
  • Byoung-Kuk Na

摘要

Background

Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite surface protein (PfCSP) serves as a prime candidate for malaria vaccine; however, its substantial genetic diversity presents significant challenges in development of universal vaccines. This study investigated the genetic diversity and natural selection of the pfcsp in P. falciparum isolates from Vietnam. Comparative analysis of 836 global pfcsp sequences from different geographical regions was also performed.

Methods

Blood samples were obtained from individuals infected with P. falciparum in five malaria-endemic provinces in Central Vietnam from 2018 to 2022. The pfcsp gene was amplified, cloned, and sequenced, yielding 95 pfcsp sequences. Nucleotide diversity and natural selection of pfcsp were analysed by programs, such as DnaSP, MEGA6, and STRUCTURE.

Results

Both the N- and C-terminal non-repeating regions of Vietnam pfcsp showed limited genetic diversities; however, significant polymorphisms such as A98G and a 19-amino acid insertion were observed in the N-terminal region of Vietnam isolates, aligning with trends in global pfcsp populations. The C-terminal region of Vietnam and global pfcsp populations displayed notable polymorphisms, particularly within the Th2R and Th3R regions. The central repeat region demonstrated high polymorphism due to substantial size variations, predominantly influenced by the varying numbers and types of peptide repeat motifs found both in Vietnam and global populations.

Conclusion

These findings offer critical insights into the genetic composition of the global pfcsp population and provide useful information in designing effective vaccines based on PfCSP.