<p>Intratumoral microbiota has been found to be a crucial component of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Due to insufficient recognition, technical limitations, and low biomass of intratumoral microbiota, it is poorly understood. Intratumoral microbiota exhibit significant diversity in HCC tissues. It is involved in the development of HCC through several mechanisms, such as remodeling the immunosuppressive microenvironment, metabolic reprogramming, and genetic alterations. Moreover, intratumoral microbiota is associated with the metastasis of HCC cells. Herein, we reviewed the history of intratumoral microbiota, applied biotechnology to depict the signatures of intratumoral microbiota, investigated the potential sources of intratumoral microbiota, and assessed their functions, mechanisms, and heterogeneity. Furthermore, in this review, we summarized the development of therapeutics that can be used in the treatment of HCC and proposed future perspectives for research in this field.</p>