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Background <p>The presence of wild pigs across the prairie provinces in Canada, coupled with their potential role as reservoirs for economically significant livestock pathogens, has intensified the need for surveillance. This study provides an overview of swine production-limiting diseases circulating within the invasive wild pig population in Alberta.</p> Results <p>Between 2018 and 2024, 331 individuals were captured and tested for 17 pathogens. Antibodies to <i>Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae</i> (120/120; 100%), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2, 38/120; 31.7%), <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> (<i>Mhyo</i>, 2/96; 2.1%), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV, 1/96; 1.0%) were detected. Gastrointestinal parasites were identified for <i>Eimeria</i> spp. (76/192; 39.6%); <i>Metastrongylus</i> spp. (49/192; 25.5%); <i>Trichuris</i> spp. (11/192; 5.7%); <i>Ascaris</i> spp. (11/192; 5.7%); and <i>Strongyloides</i> spp. (8/192; 4.2%). Molecular diagnostics confirmed infection with porcine circovirus 1 (PCV1, 1/331; 0.3%), PCV2 (109/331; 32.9%), porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3, 90/331; 27.2%), rotavirus A (RVA, 21/92; 22.8%), rotavirus C (RVC, 5/92; 5.4%), porcine parvovirus (PPV, 18/101; 17.8%), and <i>Salmonella</i> spp. (2/72; 2.8%). Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), Seneca virus A (SVA), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), influenza A virus (IAV), and rotavirus B (RVB) were not detected. Age was significantly associated with PCV2 and PCV3 infection, with mature individuals exhibiting a higher risk (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) of being infected. Co-detection of pathogens was common, with 55.9% (38/68) of wild pigs testing positive for two or more pathogens.</p> Conclusion <p>Overall, wild pigs were infected with pathogens that are significant to the porcine production industry and public health, demonstrating the potential risk of transmission at the wild and domestic pig interface, and highlighting the importance of continued surveillance from a One Health perspective.</p>

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Surveillance of zoonotic and production-limiting pathogens in invasive free-ranging wild pigs in Alberta, Canada

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Oshin Ley-Garcia,
  • Chunu Mainali,
  • Frank van der Meer,
  • Davor Ojkic,
  • Carolina Malgarin,
  • Bryna Turk,
  • Sylvia L. Checkley,
  • Hannah McKenzie,
  • Mathieu Pruvot

摘要

Background

The presence of wild pigs across the prairie provinces in Canada, coupled with their potential role as reservoirs for economically significant livestock pathogens, has intensified the need for surveillance. This study provides an overview of swine production-limiting diseases circulating within the invasive wild pig population in Alberta.

Results

Between 2018 and 2024, 331 individuals were captured and tested for 17 pathogens. Antibodies to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (120/120; 100%), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2, 38/120; 31.7%), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo, 2/96; 2.1%), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV, 1/96; 1.0%) were detected. Gastrointestinal parasites were identified for Eimeria spp. (76/192; 39.6%); Metastrongylus spp. (49/192; 25.5%); Trichuris spp. (11/192; 5.7%); Ascaris spp. (11/192; 5.7%); and Strongyloides spp. (8/192; 4.2%). Molecular diagnostics confirmed infection with porcine circovirus 1 (PCV1, 1/331; 0.3%), PCV2 (109/331; 32.9%), porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3, 90/331; 27.2%), rotavirus A (RVA, 21/92; 22.8%), rotavirus C (RVC, 5/92; 5.4%), porcine parvovirus (PPV, 18/101; 17.8%), and Salmonella spp. (2/72; 2.8%). Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), Seneca virus A (SVA), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), influenza A virus (IAV), and rotavirus B (RVB) were not detected. Age was significantly associated with PCV2 and PCV3 infection, with mature individuals exhibiting a higher risk (p < 0.001) of being infected. Co-detection of pathogens was common, with 55.9% (38/68) of wild pigs testing positive for two or more pathogens.

Conclusion

Overall, wild pigs were infected with pathogens that are significant to the porcine production industry and public health, demonstrating the potential risk of transmission at the wild and domestic pig interface, and highlighting the importance of continued surveillance from a One Health perspective.