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<p><i>Salmonella</i> spp. is one of the main causes of food-borne zoonotic infections in the European Union with Enteritidis being the most reported serovar. <i>Salmonella</i> is commonly associated with domestic animals, although it has also been associated with wildlife. The domestic goat (<i>Capra hircus</i>) appears to have a relatively low susceptibility to this pathogen. <i>Salmonella</i> has been described in game meat of different wild ruminant species; however, limited information is available regarding the susceptibility of wild goats, which may represent a source of human infection.</p><p>In this study, we describe the epidemiological, molecular, microbiological and pathology findings of an unusual outbreak of clinical salmonellosis in captive Iberian wild goat (<i>Capra pyrenaica</i>) in Spain. The outbreak, plausibly caused by <i>S.</i> Enteritidis (9,12:g, m:-), was characterized by abortions, neonatal mortality and sporadic cases of septicaemic salmonellosis in adult wild goats. Most isolates showed the same Minimum Inhibitory Concentration profiles using the Thermo Scientific™ Sensititre™ EU Surveillance <i>Salmonella</i>/<i>E. coli</i> EUVSEC3 AST panel. Seven isolates were sequenced and classified as ST11 showing the same set of 140 virulence genes. The genomes differed by 0–1 SNP (NC_011294.1:g.2862805G &gt; A).</p><p>Due to the unusual circumstances of the outbreak, the origin of the outbreak was also investigated through non-invasive sampling for nucleic acid detection using sponges pre-hydrated with an isotonic surfactant liquid and for bacteriology. <i>Salmonella</i> was exclusively detected from wild-goat enclosures, allowing to presumably rule out other potential animal-sources of infection, including peridomestic/wild animals such as pigeons, rats, rabbits and partridges present and analysed in the farm surroundings, although another untested animal source could still be involved.</p><p>The unusual presentation of this <i>Salmonella</i> outbreak could be explained by the convergence of epidemiological and ecological factors (infection origin linked to peridomestic animals or humans, management conditions which may favour pathogen emergence, potentially increased susceptibility of wild ruminants to infection or other factors which may be involved). The non-invasive sampling approach facilitated <i>Salmonella</i> surveillance in this underexplored wildlife host.</p>

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An unprecedented outbreak of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in kept Iberian wild goats (Capra pyrenaica)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Marta Pérez-Sancho,
  • A Perelló,
  • T García-Seco,
  • C Herranz,
  • MC Arnal,
  • L Torre-Fuentes,
  • M Ugarte-Ruiz,
  • JA Ortiz,
  • M Hernández,
  • D Fernández de Luco,
  • J Álvarez,
  • L Domínguez,
  • C Gortázar

摘要

Salmonella spp. is one of the main causes of food-borne zoonotic infections in the European Union with Enteritidis being the most reported serovar. Salmonella is commonly associated with domestic animals, although it has also been associated with wildlife. The domestic goat (Capra hircus) appears to have a relatively low susceptibility to this pathogen. Salmonella has been described in game meat of different wild ruminant species; however, limited information is available regarding the susceptibility of wild goats, which may represent a source of human infection.

In this study, we describe the epidemiological, molecular, microbiological and pathology findings of an unusual outbreak of clinical salmonellosis in captive Iberian wild goat (Capra pyrenaica) in Spain. The outbreak, plausibly caused by S. Enteritidis (9,12:g, m:-), was characterized by abortions, neonatal mortality and sporadic cases of septicaemic salmonellosis in adult wild goats. Most isolates showed the same Minimum Inhibitory Concentration profiles using the Thermo Scientific™ Sensititre™ EU Surveillance Salmonella/E. coli EUVSEC3 AST panel. Seven isolates were sequenced and classified as ST11 showing the same set of 140 virulence genes. The genomes differed by 0–1 SNP (NC_011294.1:g.2862805G > A).

Due to the unusual circumstances of the outbreak, the origin of the outbreak was also investigated through non-invasive sampling for nucleic acid detection using sponges pre-hydrated with an isotonic surfactant liquid and for bacteriology. Salmonella was exclusively detected from wild-goat enclosures, allowing to presumably rule out other potential animal-sources of infection, including peridomestic/wild animals such as pigeons, rats, rabbits and partridges present and analysed in the farm surroundings, although another untested animal source could still be involved.

The unusual presentation of this Salmonella outbreak could be explained by the convergence of epidemiological and ecological factors (infection origin linked to peridomestic animals or humans, management conditions which may favour pathogen emergence, potentially increased susceptibility of wild ruminants to infection or other factors which may be involved). The non-invasive sampling approach facilitated Salmonella surveillance in this underexplored wildlife host.