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Background <p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly transmissible viral infection affecting cloven-hoofed animals, significantly impacting livestock productivity and trade in India. The causative agent, FMD virus (FMDV), exhibits considerable genetic and antigenic diversity, with serotype O being most prevalent. Haryana, a northern Indian state with a large susceptible livestock population, has reported sporadic FMD cases despite ongoing vaccination efforts. This study aims to detect, type, and characterize FMDV from suspected animals in Haryana during 2024, with a focus on genetic variations in the VP1 region compared to the vaccine strain and contemporary isolates.</p> Results <p>Clinical samples from suspected cases were analyzed using RT-multiplex PCR, confirming the presence of FMDV O in five buffaloes from two districts. The partial P1 region was amplified and sequenced from five samples using 1C/2B gene-specific primers. Phylogenetic analysis classified all five samples (GenBank Accession Nos. PV068827–PV068830 &amp; PV288326) within the Middle East-South Asia (ME-SA) topotype based on 1D gene sequences (639 nt). Four samples (PV068827–PV068830) exhibited 12.3–12.8% nucleotide divergence from the Indian vaccine strain FMDV O/IND/R2/1975 and clustered under the O/ME-SA/SA-2018 lineage, while one sample (PV288326), showing 14.3% divergence, belonged to the O/ME-SA/Ind2001e lineage. Amino acid analysis revealed 10–11 variations, including four common mutations. Antigenic sites remained conserved, except for an I144V substitution, which is common in all Indian serotype O isolates reported earlier.</p> Conclusion <p>These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions, such as enhanced biosecurity at livestock fairs and markets, restrictions on animal movement from endemic to disease-free zones, wildlife surveillance, and the inclusion of the role of less-monitored species, like small ruminants and wildlife in virus maintenance. Future studies should include antigenic relationship (<i>r</i>-value) tests to assess vaccine efficacy against circulating strains.</p>

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VP1 region-based molecular characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O from clinical cases in Haryana, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月6日

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  • Parminder Dalal,
  • Swati Dahiya,
  • Anshul Lather,
  • Deepika Sheoran,
  • Punesh Sangwan,
  • Neelam Rani,
  • Ankit Pannu,
  • Parveen Kumar,
  • Pawan Kumar,
  • Saravanan Subramaniam,
  • Rabindra Prasad Singh

摘要

Background

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly transmissible viral infection affecting cloven-hoofed animals, significantly impacting livestock productivity and trade in India. The causative agent, FMD virus (FMDV), exhibits considerable genetic and antigenic diversity, with serotype O being most prevalent. Haryana, a northern Indian state with a large susceptible livestock population, has reported sporadic FMD cases despite ongoing vaccination efforts. This study aims to detect, type, and characterize FMDV from suspected animals in Haryana during 2024, with a focus on genetic variations in the VP1 region compared to the vaccine strain and contemporary isolates.

Results

Clinical samples from suspected cases were analyzed using RT-multiplex PCR, confirming the presence of FMDV O in five buffaloes from two districts. The partial P1 region was amplified and sequenced from five samples using 1C/2B gene-specific primers. Phylogenetic analysis classified all five samples (GenBank Accession Nos. PV068827–PV068830 & PV288326) within the Middle East-South Asia (ME-SA) topotype based on 1D gene sequences (639 nt). Four samples (PV068827–PV068830) exhibited 12.3–12.8% nucleotide divergence from the Indian vaccine strain FMDV O/IND/R2/1975 and clustered under the O/ME-SA/SA-2018 lineage, while one sample (PV288326), showing 14.3% divergence, belonged to the O/ME-SA/Ind2001e lineage. Amino acid analysis revealed 10–11 variations, including four common mutations. Antigenic sites remained conserved, except for an I144V substitution, which is common in all Indian serotype O isolates reported earlier.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions, such as enhanced biosecurity at livestock fairs and markets, restrictions on animal movement from endemic to disease-free zones, wildlife surveillance, and the inclusion of the role of less-monitored species, like small ruminants and wildlife in virus maintenance. Future studies should include antigenic relationship (r-value) tests to assess vaccine efficacy against circulating strains.