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Background <p>β-lactam antibiotics represent the most widely utilized class of antimicrobial agents in livestock and poultry breeding. However, the effects of β-lactam antibiotics on conjugation transfer of IncI2 plasmids and the homeostasis of the mouse intestinal microbiota have not been thoroughly investigated.</p> Results <p>The results revealed that the transfer of IncI2 plasmid was the highest for intra-specific <i>E. coli</i> and inter-specific transfer to <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> occurred at much lower levels in the absence of β-lactam antibiotic selective pressure. Furthermore, inter-species and intra-species transfer of IncI2 plasmid was enhanced in the presence of sub-MIC levels of amoxicillin/clavulanate and cephalexin whereas ampicillin promoted only inter-species transfer. These results were consistent with in vivo observations where amoxicillin/clavulanate and cephalexin but not ampicillin promoted conjugation. Meanwhile, the intestinal microbiota was also disturbed following antibiotic treatment and <i>Proteobacteria</i> abundance increased while <i>Bacteroides</i> decreased. The gut microbiota could also be partially restored to initial levels after antibiotic cessation for 14 days.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings highlight the potential risk of β-lactam antibiotics in promoting the spread of resistance plasmids and causing disruption to the intestinal microbiota.</p>

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IncI2 plasmid transfer and changes of intestinal microbiota in mice under β-lactam antibiotic pressure

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月15日

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  • Kaidi Liu,
  • Junqi Liu,
  • Yuting Su,
  • Minge Wang,
  • Tengfei Long,
  • Liangxing Fang,
  • Yufeng Zhou,
  • Jian Sun,
  • Xiaoping Liao

摘要

Background

β-lactam antibiotics represent the most widely utilized class of antimicrobial agents in livestock and poultry breeding. However, the effects of β-lactam antibiotics on conjugation transfer of IncI2 plasmids and the homeostasis of the mouse intestinal microbiota have not been thoroughly investigated.

Results

The results revealed that the transfer of IncI2 plasmid was the highest for intra-specific E. coli and inter-specific transfer to Salmonella and K. pneumoniae occurred at much lower levels in the absence of β-lactam antibiotic selective pressure. Furthermore, inter-species and intra-species transfer of IncI2 plasmid was enhanced in the presence of sub-MIC levels of amoxicillin/clavulanate and cephalexin whereas ampicillin promoted only inter-species transfer. These results were consistent with in vivo observations where amoxicillin/clavulanate and cephalexin but not ampicillin promoted conjugation. Meanwhile, the intestinal microbiota was also disturbed following antibiotic treatment and Proteobacteria abundance increased while Bacteroides decreased. The gut microbiota could also be partially restored to initial levels after antibiotic cessation for 14 days.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the potential risk of β-lactam antibiotics in promoting the spread of resistance plasmids and causing disruption to the intestinal microbiota.