Background <p>Poisoning remains a major global public health concern, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. The management of poisoning cases is challenged by the absence of standardized treatment protocols, limited diagnostic frameworks, inconsistent antidote availability, and variability in clinical practice. Evaluating quality improvement (QI) approaches is essential to assess current standards of care and identify strategies to optimize poisoning management. This systematic review aimed to evaluate quality management in patients with poisoning by assessing the impact of quality improvement strategies on clinical processes and patient outcomes.</p> Methods <p>This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases. Studies examining quality management or quality improvement interventions in poisoning care were included.</p> Results <p>A total of 5,006 records were identified through database searching. After removal of duplicates, 3057 unique articles remained. During title and abstract screening, 2464 articles were excluded. Full-text assessment led to the exclusion of an additional 578 studies. Ultimately, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for data extraction and qualitative synthesis.</p> Conclusion <p>In the context of increasing clinical and systemic challenges in poisoning management, the implementation of structured quality management strategies is essential. QI interventions may have the potential to enhance patient outcomes, reduce complications, and shorten hospital length of stay, thereby strengthening healthcare system efficiency.</p> Trial registration <p>The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the registration number CRD42024581815.</p> Clinical trial number <p>Not applicable.</p>