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Background <p>Previous studies have investigated the associations of humanistic caring ability (HCA) with self-efficacy (SEF), or learning engagement (LN) among college students. There has been a lack of studies that examine the mediation effect of learning engagement between SEF and humanistic caring ability among nursing students. This study aimed to investigate the associations of self-efficacy with humanistic caring ability, and the mediation effect of learning engagement between SEF and HCA among vocational college nursing students.</p> Methods <p>This is a cross-sectional study. Nursing students were recruited from three vocational colleges in Shandong province of China. Students completed questionnaires comprising humanistic caring ability, self-efficacy and learning engagement. A structural equation model (SEM) was employed to examine the relationship between SEF and humanistic caring ability, and the mediation effect of learning engagement. Weighted Least Squares Mean and Variance adjusted (WLSMV) estimator with delta parameterization was employed in the SEM. Standard error and 95% confidence interval for the estimated effects were obtained using bootstrapping.</p> Results <p>The structural equation model using three dimensions of humanistic caring ability showed that self-efficacy was positively associated with humanistic caring ability (direct effect β (standardized coefficient) = 0.270, bootstrap 95% CI: 0.113, 0.438; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Learning engagement mediated this association (total indirect effect β = 0.570, bootstrap 95% CI: 0.454, 0.672; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Model fit indices presented good CFI (the Comparative Fit Index = 0.967) and SRMR (the Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.043), and marginal RMSEA (the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.105, 90% CI: 0.102, 0.108). The SEM using total score of humanistic caring ability yielded good CFI = 0.975 and SRMR = 0.041, and a fair RMSEA of 0.100 (90% CI: 0.096, 0.103), and showed a significant mediation effect of learning engagement (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01).</p> Conclusions <p>This study reveals that self-efficacy is positively associated with humanistic caring ability, and learning engagement mediates the effect of self-efficacy on humanistic caring ability among nursing students. Programs that enhance self-efficacy and learning engagement in nursing education could be evaluated as strategies to support humanistic caring ability among nursing students. Future research that extends a prospective study design and intervention studies warrant to address causality of the associations observed in this study.</p>

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Associations of self-efficacy and learning engagement with humanistic caring ability among vocational college nursing students: a structural equation modeling study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Shanshan Wang,
  • Linlin Xu,
  • Yu Wang,
  • Zhi Chang,
  • Xiuyan Li,
  • Xiuyun Wu

摘要

Background

Previous studies have investigated the associations of humanistic caring ability (HCA) with self-efficacy (SEF), or learning engagement (LN) among college students. There has been a lack of studies that examine the mediation effect of learning engagement between SEF and humanistic caring ability among nursing students. This study aimed to investigate the associations of self-efficacy with humanistic caring ability, and the mediation effect of learning engagement between SEF and HCA among vocational college nursing students.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study. Nursing students were recruited from three vocational colleges in Shandong province of China. Students completed questionnaires comprising humanistic caring ability, self-efficacy and learning engagement. A structural equation model (SEM) was employed to examine the relationship between SEF and humanistic caring ability, and the mediation effect of learning engagement. Weighted Least Squares Mean and Variance adjusted (WLSMV) estimator with delta parameterization was employed in the SEM. Standard error and 95% confidence interval for the estimated effects were obtained using bootstrapping.

Results

The structural equation model using three dimensions of humanistic caring ability showed that self-efficacy was positively associated with humanistic caring ability (direct effect β (standardized coefficient) = 0.270, bootstrap 95% CI: 0.113, 0.438; p < 0.01). Learning engagement mediated this association (total indirect effect β = 0.570, bootstrap 95% CI: 0.454, 0.672; p < 0.01). Model fit indices presented good CFI (the Comparative Fit Index = 0.967) and SRMR (the Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.043), and marginal RMSEA (the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.105, 90% CI: 0.102, 0.108). The SEM using total score of humanistic caring ability yielded good CFI = 0.975 and SRMR = 0.041, and a fair RMSEA of 0.100 (90% CI: 0.096, 0.103), and showed a significant mediation effect of learning engagement (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

This study reveals that self-efficacy is positively associated with humanistic caring ability, and learning engagement mediates the effect of self-efficacy on humanistic caring ability among nursing students. Programs that enhance self-efficacy and learning engagement in nursing education could be evaluated as strategies to support humanistic caring ability among nursing students. Future research that extends a prospective study design and intervention studies warrant to address causality of the associations observed in this study.