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Background <p>The consequences of postoperative cognitive decline have a significant impact on the lives of those affected. These individuals often experience cognitive and emotional difficulties, including disorientation, forgetfulness, fatigue, and slowed processing, which can reduce independence and overall autonomy. This necessitates identifying effective interventions to support postoperative cognitive recovery that are suitable for implementation within the healthcare system.</p> Aim <p>To summarize the literature on interventions that support postoperative cognitive recovery following hospital discharge.</p> Methods <p>A scoping review was conducted using an iterative approach on 2 February 2025, with two updated searches performed on 16 April 2025 and 17 October 2025. Searches were done in three databases (Medline via Ovid, PsycInfo and CINAHL). Eligibility criteria were limited to quantitative studies of participants (≥ 18 years) undergoing surgery, focusing on interventions. Eligible studies had to report at least one cognitive outcome measure. Reporting adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).</p> Results <p>The scoping review included 21 studies (<i>n</i> = 2563 participants) evaluating three types of interventions: cognitive training (<i>n</i> = 12), multimodal interventions (<i>n</i> = 7) and physical activity (<i>n</i> = 2). The duration and timing of the interventions varied considerably both within and between intervention types. All studies utilised some form of neurocognitive test to assess cognition. Of 12 studies on cognitive training, three reported positive effects, and two of seven multimodal interventions also showed positive results. Among the studies focused on physical activity, one of the two demonstrated a positive effect.</p> Conclusions <p>This review indicates that current evidence is insufficient to support interventions that improve postoperative cognitive recovery; the evidence base remains fragmented and lacks strong theoretical grounding. Future research should prioritise standardised outcome measures, robust conceptual frameworks, and large-scale, methodologically rigorous trials to strengthen the evidence base and inform clinical practice.</p> Clinical trial number <p>Not applicable.</p>

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Interventions supporting cognitive recovery after surgery: a scoping review

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月3日

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  • Amina Guenna Holmgren,
  • Ulrica Nilsson,
  • Jeanette Eckerblad,
  • Markus Saarijärvi,
  • Agnieszka Kedzierska,
  • Lina Bergman,
  • Carolin Nymark

摘要

Background

The consequences of postoperative cognitive decline have a significant impact on the lives of those affected. These individuals often experience cognitive and emotional difficulties, including disorientation, forgetfulness, fatigue, and slowed processing, which can reduce independence and overall autonomy. This necessitates identifying effective interventions to support postoperative cognitive recovery that are suitable for implementation within the healthcare system.

Aim

To summarize the literature on interventions that support postoperative cognitive recovery following hospital discharge.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted using an iterative approach on 2 February 2025, with two updated searches performed on 16 April 2025 and 17 October 2025. Searches were done in three databases (Medline via Ovid, PsycInfo and CINAHL). Eligibility criteria were limited to quantitative studies of participants (≥ 18 years) undergoing surgery, focusing on interventions. Eligible studies had to report at least one cognitive outcome measure. Reporting adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).

Results

The scoping review included 21 studies (n = 2563 participants) evaluating three types of interventions: cognitive training (n = 12), multimodal interventions (n = 7) and physical activity (n = 2). The duration and timing of the interventions varied considerably both within and between intervention types. All studies utilised some form of neurocognitive test to assess cognition. Of 12 studies on cognitive training, three reported positive effects, and two of seven multimodal interventions also showed positive results. Among the studies focused on physical activity, one of the two demonstrated a positive effect.

Conclusions

This review indicates that current evidence is insufficient to support interventions that improve postoperative cognitive recovery; the evidence base remains fragmented and lacks strong theoretical grounding. Future research should prioritise standardised outcome measures, robust conceptual frameworks, and large-scale, methodologically rigorous trials to strengthen the evidence base and inform clinical practice.

Clinical trial number

Not applicable.