Background <p>Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a pathological condition characterized by the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters, which increases the risk of renal damage. Current research highlights the role of genetic predisposition, advanced diagnostic modalities, and molecular markers in refining therapeutic strategies. In addition, mothers’ education plays a pivotal role in postoperative recovery and overall management of children affected by VUR.</p> Aim <p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nursing guidelines provided to mothers on selected postoperative outcomes among their children with vesicoureteral reflux.</p> Methods <p>A quasi-experimental research design was conducted at a specialized pediatric hospital in Egypt. A purposive sample of 60 mothers and their children diagnosed with VUR participated. Data collection tools included a structured interview questionnaire, a maternal knowledge and practice assessment (pre/post-test), a VUR complication recording sheet, and a postoperative outcomes assessment tool.</p> Results <p>Children had a mean age of 2.96 ± 1.55 years in the study group and 2.78 ± 1.70 years in the control group. Mothers’ mean ages were 33.78 ± 6.79 and 34.61 ± 6.88 years respectively. After nursing guidelines, mother’s knowledge of VUR increased from 3.03 ± 0.927 to 6.56 ± 1.04 in the study group, compared with 2.568 ± 0.568 to 5.43 ± 0.678 in the control group; knowledge of complications increased from 1.93 ± 0.639 to 3.66 ± 0.479 in the study group versus 1.46 ± 0.507 to 1.73 ± 0.64 in the control group. Wound care practices improved from 2.76 ± 0.776 to 6.73 ± 1.04 in the study group, while the control group showed minimal change 3.33 ± 1.02 to 2.63 ± 1.09 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Satisfactory knowledge increased from 26.7% to 93.3% respectively, and satisfactory practices from 30% to 90% in the study group compared with slight change in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.05). Postoperatively, children in the study group had lower complication rates than control group (<i>p</i> = 0.001), also the study group experienced better postoperative outcomes than controls (<i>p</i> = 0.001).</p> Conclusion <p>The study findings revealed substantial improvements in mothers’ knowledge and practices after receiving the nursing guidelines. The corresponding enhancement in postoperative outcomes among children with VUR underscores the importance of implementing targeted nursing interventions.</p> Recommendation <p>Longitudinal studies are recommended to examine the long-term effectiveness of various treatment approaches, including surgical and nonsurgical management.</p>