Background <p>Midwifery students need adequate awareness of gynecological and breast cancers to support prevention, early detection, and health education.</p> Objective <p>To examine the effect of a creative drama–based cancer education program on midwifery students’ awareness of gynecological and breast cancers.</p> Design <p>Randomized controlled trial with a pretest–posttest control-group design conducted in one university midwifery school in Türkiye.</p> Methods <p>Second-year midwifery students were randomized to creative drama–based education (five weekly sessions, 120&#xa0;min/session) or lecture-based education. Outcomes were measured using the Gynecological Cancers Awareness Scale (GCAS) and the Breast Cancer Awareness Scale (BCAS) at baseline and 5 weeks later.</p> Results <p>Fifty-three students were randomized (intervention <i>n</i> = 27; control <i>n</i> = 26) and all were analyzed. Posttest scores were higher in the intervention group for GCAS total (187.15 ± 19.09 vs. 172.00 ± 21.84; <i>p</i> = 0.015; Cohen’s d = 0.74) and BCAS total (79.81 ± 11.36 vs. 57.20 ± 6.25; <i>p</i> = 0.010; d = 2.45). Within the intervention group, both GCAS and BCAS subscale scores increased significantly from pretest to posttest (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), whereas no significant changes were observed in the control group.</p> Conclusion <p>Creative drama–based education produced statistically significant and practically meaningful improvements in midwifery students’ awareness of gynecological and breast cancers compared with lecture-based education.</p> Trial registration <p>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07073599; retrospectively registered on 2025-07-10.</p>