Background <p>A key idea in all phases of health care is patient safety. The development of a patient safety culture in hospitals greatly depends on the importance nurses focus on patient safety when administering medication. A scale to evaluate patient safety culture in medication administration is currently lacking. China has not yet adopted the patient safety culture scale in medication administration, despite the fact that it was created in Turkey.</p> Objectives <p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Patient Safety Culture Scale in Medication Administration in the context of Chinese clinical nursing.</p> Methods <p>In January 2025, 492 nurses in China were selected for the survey using a convenience sampling method. The reliability of the translated scale was evaluated using Cronbach’s α coefficient, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were employed to assess structural validity. The data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and Amos 24.0.</p> Results <p>The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the Chinese version of Patient Safety Culture Scale in Medication Administration was 0.898, the split-half reliability was 0.803, and the test-retest reliability was 0.916. EFA revealed a robust two-factor model that accounted for 77.339% of the variance, the CFA results validated the consistency of the two factors, with CMIN/DF = 2.203, CFI = 0.979, IFI = 0.979, and GFI = 0.920, supporting the efficacy of the scale in assessing the patient safety culture in medication administration.</p> Conclusion <p>The Chinese version of Patient Safety Culture Scale in Medication Administration demonstrated favourable reliability and validity among nurses.</p> Clinical trial number <p>Not applicable.</p>