Background <p>Burnout among pediatricians has emerged as a significant public health concern in China. This study aims to explore the current state of professional burnout and identify potential solutions by capturing the perspectives of pediatric residents.</p> Methods <p>A qualitative study was conducted in June 2024 at a children’s hospital in eastern China. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were carried out, audio-recorded, and transcribed, followed by thematic analysis.</p> Results <p>Twenty pediatric residents participated in the study. Thematic analysis revealed six external factors contributing to burnout: workload, work efficiency, doctor-patient communication, education and research, basic needs, and interpersonal dynamics. Additionally, five internal manifestations of burnout were identified: reduced personal accomplishment, cynicism, emotional exhaustion, health crises, and intent to quit. Potential solutions were also discussed.</p> Conclusions <p>Pediatricians reported substantial experiences of professional burnout. This study highlights the contributing factors and manifestations of burnout among pediatric residents. To address this issue, it is imperative for the government and the public to optimize the standardized residency training system and foster a supportive environment, thereby improving the well-being of pediatricians.</p>