Background <p>Medical institutions have a structured program that provides residents with in-depth research training. The main aim of this study is to explore residents’ perceptions regarding the impact of the residency research program, their satisfaction with the program, the barriers and challenges they experienced, and potential areas for future improvement.</p> Methods <p>The Almoosa residency research program (ARRP) was implemented in 2021 as an essential component of the residency program at the Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa, KSA (kingdom of Saudi Arabia). Categorical residents are required to carry out a research project and go through all the steps of the research process, from identifying a topic to writing a manuscript. A qualitative study was performed with selected research residents. Purposive sampling methodology was used, and the interviews were conducted to record their experience.</p> Results <p>Among 10 participants of the study, data collection was carried out through semi-structured interview discussions involving selected residents who had previously participated in the ARRP. This qualitative study explored participants’ experiences of the ARRP. Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was presented under five main themes: (1) Impact of the ARRP, (2) Mentorship as the anchor of the ARRP, (3) The burden of data collection, (4) ARRP Enhancement in Advanced Statistical and Publication Competencies, and (5) Constructive recommendations for improvement. Each theme is supported by participants’ narratives and is a reflection of their experiences. The study noticed that most of the participants were positive about the mentorship, which was recognized as an important component and highlighted that there is accessibility, individualized supervision, and continued support. However, this positive perception was also accompanied with some different points of view of some participants, who noted unavailability related to logistical challenges and scheduling conflicts. This view was widely shared among participants, and some of them mentioned that the ongoing support continued even after they finished the ARRP.</p> Conclusion <p>This qualitative study concluded that residents expressed overall satisfaction with the structure of the ARRP. This study further concluded that a structured residency research program can serve as a transformative educational experience, fostering not only core research competencies but also professional identity development.</p>