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Background <p>Local anesthesia is an essential skill of pain control for most dental procedures, commonly taught through face-to-face learning (FFL). Distant learning (DL) has emerged as an alternative teaching method for many techniques in medicine.</p> Aim <p>To evaluate the performance scores of DL compared with FFL in teaching maxillary infiltrative local anesthesia to novice learners.</p> Methods <p>A prospective randomized trial included 93 students randomized into two groups for applying infiltrative local anesthesia of the maxillary arch: FFL (<i>n</i> = 47) and DL (<i>n</i> = 46). The evaluation was conducted by two examiners using a performance checklist and a global rating tool. Agreement between the examiners was calculated, and performance scores of the participants on 11 well defined tasks in the process of infiltration were compared. Participants’ satisfaction was assessed via a questionnaire.</p> Results <p>Levels of completion of each infiltration step were not statistically significantly different between the learning groups (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Group differences in the duration of the total infiltration procedure (76.06 ± 20.36, and 83.39 ± 24.05&#xa0;s, for the FFL and DL groups, respectively) also were not statistically significantly different (<i>p</i> = 0.116). Both methods were reported as efficient by participants. While nearly all students enjoyed the learning process in both groups, all FFL participants felt confident performing the infiltration and 11% less confident in the DL group.</p> Conclusion <p>The results suggest that distant learning of administering infiltration local anesthesia was as effective as in-person learning by novice learners. Students appreciated the respective method of learning, with more reservations to perform the procedure by those in the DL group.</p>

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Traditional face-to-face versus distance learning of local anesthesia injection technique by novice learners

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月6日

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  • Kinan Zeno,
  • Joelle Hassanieh,
  • Firas Nassar,
  • Elie Haddad,
  • Makram Ammoury,
  • Elio R. Bitar,
  • Rita Ayoub,
  • Jamal J. Hoballah,
  • Ahmad Zaghal

摘要

Background

Local anesthesia is an essential skill of pain control for most dental procedures, commonly taught through face-to-face learning (FFL). Distant learning (DL) has emerged as an alternative teaching method for many techniques in medicine.

Aim

To evaluate the performance scores of DL compared with FFL in teaching maxillary infiltrative local anesthesia to novice learners.

Methods

A prospective randomized trial included 93 students randomized into two groups for applying infiltrative local anesthesia of the maxillary arch: FFL (n = 47) and DL (n = 46). The evaluation was conducted by two examiners using a performance checklist and a global rating tool. Agreement between the examiners was calculated, and performance scores of the participants on 11 well defined tasks in the process of infiltration were compared. Participants’ satisfaction was assessed via a questionnaire.

Results

Levels of completion of each infiltration step were not statistically significantly different between the learning groups (p > 0.05). Group differences in the duration of the total infiltration procedure (76.06 ± 20.36, and 83.39 ± 24.05 s, for the FFL and DL groups, respectively) also were not statistically significantly different (p = 0.116). Both methods were reported as efficient by participants. While nearly all students enjoyed the learning process in both groups, all FFL participants felt confident performing the infiltration and 11% less confident in the DL group.

Conclusion

The results suggest that distant learning of administering infiltration local anesthesia was as effective as in-person learning by novice learners. Students appreciated the respective method of learning, with more reservations to perform the procedure by those in the DL group.