Objective <p>This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a structured peer education program—delivered by nine intern nursing students as part of their Gynecology Nursing clinical rotation—on knowledge, awareness, and anxiety levels regarding HPV among health sciences students.</p> Methods <p>A quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was employed. The study was conducted between April 15 and May 15, 2024, at the Faculty of Health Sciences of Istanbul Aydın University with 127 fourth-year health sciences students who received the peer education training. The peer education program was delivered by nine intern nursing students as part of their Gynecology Nursing clinical rotation. Prior to implementation, the peer educators completed a structured training program based on the World Health Organization’s (2024) HPV guidelines, covering HPV definition, transmission routes, health consequences, prevention methods, and vaccination. Training also included communication and group facilitation skills. Educational brochures and materials were developed as part of the intervention.</p> Results <p>Following the peer education intervention, students’ HPV-related knowledge and awareness levels increased significantly. An increase was observed in health and exclusion concern scores after the training, which was interpreted as being associated with increased awareness and risk perception. Additionally, higher HPV vaccine knowledge was associated with lower anxiety levels. The absence of a control group limits the causal interpretation of the findings.</p> Conclusion <p>Structured peer education delivered by intern nursing students is an effective approach for improving HPV-related knowledge and awareness while reducing anxiety among health sciences students. Future studies employing controlled designs with larger and more diverse samples are recommended to strengthen the validity and generalizability of the findings.</p>